Antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on cancer cell line HCT116 using marine sponge Tedania species collected from Kalangahan, Lugait, Misamis Oriental, Philippines

Cancer is a major cause of mortality worldwide, and marine sponges have emerged as potential sources of anticancer agents. In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of a marine sponge extract from Tedania sp. against the human colorectal carcinoma cell line (HCT116) using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Caspase-Glo® 3/7 assays. The extract was prepared using a polar solvent mixture of ethanol:water, and was subjected to reversed-phase flash chromatography consisiting of water(W), acetonitrile(ACN), and ethyl acetate(EA) gradient eluent, yielding 16 Fraction. Treatment of HCT116 cells with Fractions 1-16 showed that only Fraction 16, consisting of 100�, exhibited significant (p<0.05) cytotoxic activity with the lowest viability of 90.9% compared to the negative control. Furthermore, Fraction 9, consisting of 20:80 W and ACN, showed a significantly (p<0.05) highest fold change (FC) value of 2.89 indicating an almost threefold increase in caspase-3/7 activity. These results demonstrate that the Tedania sp. extract has promising antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects against HCT116 cell lines, indicating its potential as an anticancer agent.