反硝化生物反应器原位木屑堆积密度

IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
L. Christianson, R. Christianson, C. Díaz-García, G. Johnson, B. Maxwell, R. Cooke, N. Wickramarathne, L. Gentry
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引用次数: 0

摘要

该领域反硝化生物反应器中木屑的堆积密度尚不清楚。就地容重估算方法是为施工或开挖时使用而开发的。老化木屑在生物反应器底部的干容重低于以往的文献值。水分和颗粒大小和密度解释了一些,但不是全部,在原地堆积密度的变化。摘要反硝化生物反应器中木屑的体积密度决定了系统水力学性能,但这一主要物理属性从未在现场进行过估计。目的有两个:(1)建立实地生物反应器中原位木屑堆积密度的估计值,(2)评估这些估计值的因果因素和由此产生的影响。概念验证的体积密度方法是在一个中试规模的生物反应器中开发的,使用三种方法来估计体积:测量挖掘面积,通过流量计泵满挖掘,以及使用iPhone光探测和测距(LiDAR)。这些方法随后在两个新的和三个旧的全尺寸生物反应器上进行了进一步的测试。额外的非原位(非现场)木屑测试包括沿湿度梯度和颗粒大小、颗粒密度、木材成分和水力性能测试的体积密度分析。基于新生物反应器整体体积的原位干容重(206-224 kg/m3)与先前实验室规模研究的值相似。对老化生物反应器底部木屑的原位估计(22个月)。考虑到这些木片可能是最致密的,到6-y)出乎意料地低(120-166 kg/m3)。这些低含水量修正后的干容重受到原位高含水量(>70%湿基)的影响。颗粒大小和颗粒密度对堆积密度的影响在整个数据集中有些混合,但一般来说,较小的木片比较大的木片具有更高的干堆积密度,并且来自生物反应器底部的一些木片具有低的颗粒密度。尽管在野外生物反应器中流动区的干容重相对较低,但在这些包装条件下产生的渗透系数与原始木片的渗透系数没有差异。基于激光雷达的体积估计方法对于大规模、全尺寸的评估是最实用的,并且可以在小特征(例如垂直反应器边缘、排水接头)上实现高精度。关键词:压实,锥贯仪,可排水孔隙度,激光雷达,含水率,测量
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Denitrifying Bioreactor In Situ Woodchip Bulk Density
Highlights The bulk density of woodchips in denitrifying bioreactors in the field is unknown. In situ bulk density estimation methods were developed for use during construction or excavation. Dry bulk densities of aged woodchips at bioreactor bottoms were lower than previous literature values. Moisture and particle size and density explained some, but not all, of the variation in in situ bulk densities. Abstract. Woodchip bulk density in a denitrifying bioreactor governs system hydraulics, but this prime physical attribute has never been estimated in situ. The objectives were twofold: (1) to establish estimates of in situ woodchip bulk density at bioreactors in the field, and (2) evaluate causal factors for and resulting impacts of these estimates. Proof-of-concept bulk density methods were developed at a pilot-scale bioreactor using three ways to estimate volume: surveying the excavated area, pumping the excavation full through a flow meter, and using iPhone Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR). These methods were then further tested at two new and three old full-size bioreactors. Additional ex situ (off-site) testing with the associated woodchips included analysis of bulk density along a moisture gradient and particle size, particle density, wood composition, and hydraulic property testing. In situ dry bulk densities based on the entire volume of the new bioreactors (206-224 kg/m3) were similar to values from previous lab-scale studies. In situ estimates for woodchips at the bottom of aged bioreactors (22-mo. to 6-y) were unexpectedly low (120-166 kg/m3), given that these woodchips would presumably be the most compacted. These low moisture-content corrected dry bulk densities were influenced by high moisture contents in situ (>70% wet basis). The impacts of particle size and particle density on bulk density were somewhat mixed across the dataset, but in general, smaller woodchips had higher dry bulk densities than larger, and several woodchips sourced from the bottom of bioreactors had low particle densities. Although dry bulk densities in the zone of flow in bioreactors in the field were shown to be relatively low, the resulting permeability coefficients under those packing conditions did not differ from those of the original woodchips. The LiDAR-based volume estimation method was the most practical for large-scale, full-size evaluations and allowed high precision with small features (e.g., vertical reactor edges, drainage fittings). Keywords: Compaction, Cone penetrometer, Drainable porosity, LiDAR, Moisture content, Survey.
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