美国新罕布夏州基恩市柴火炉更换计划对PM2.5浓度的评估

T. Garceau
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摘要

在当地的大气中,住宅柴炉产生的木材烟雾是PM2.5污染的主要来源。暴露在PM2.5中会导致各种健康问题和并发症。在平静的冬夜逆温事件期间,位于冬季寒冷的山谷中的社区特别容易受到空气质量差的影响。美国新罕布什尔州基恩市就是这样一个社区,在那里广泛使用过时的住宅柴炉经常导致PM2.5超过国家标准。为了改善空气质量,基恩市在2009年至2010年期间与新罕布什尔州环境服务部合作,推动了一项柴炉更换计划,用更新或替代的加热设备取代了86个低效的柴炉。尽管美国许多社区已经制定了类似的计划,但对其有效性的研究却很有限。这项研究评估了基恩的计划,并确定基恩在平静的冬夜经历了PM2.5的显著减少。当风速低于每小时2英里(每小时3.22公里)时,更换了柴炉后,PM2.5下降了7%至52%(1.28至7.30微克/立方米);平均减少23%。因此,基恩的柴炉更换计划似乎成功地改善了最可能违反国家空气质量标准的夜晚的空气质量。这提供了证据,表明此类计划可以有效地缓解易受逆温影响的社区中木材加热的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Assessment of a Woodstove Changeout Program on PM2.5 Levels in Keene, New Hampshire, U.S.A.
In local airsheds, wood smoke from residential woodstoves is a major source of PM2.5 pollution. Exposure to PM2.5 can cause a variety of health problems and complications. Communities situated in valleys that experience cold winters are especially susceptible to poor air quality during inversion events on calm winter nights. Keene, New Hampshire, USA is one such community where the widespread use of outdated residential woodstoves frequently resulted in PM2.5 exceeding national standards. Seeking to improve air quality, the City of Keene partnered with the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services from 2009-2010 to facilitate a woodstove changeout program which replaced 86 inefficient woodstoves with newer or alternate heating appliances. Despite the fact that many U.S. communities have enacted similar programs, research on their effectiveness is limited. This research assessed Keene’s program and determined that Keene has experienced a significant reduction in PM2.5 on calm winter nights. When winds are below 2 miles per hour (3.22 kilometers per hour), PM2.5 dropped 7% to 52% (1.28 to 7.30 µg/m3) after the woodstove changeout; a mean decrease of 23%. It therefore appears that Keene’s woodstove changeout program successfully improved air quality on the nights that are most likely to violate national air quality standards. This provides evidence that such programs can be an effective means to moderating the effects of wood heating in communities susceptible to inversions.
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