移民中的性别差异

IF 2.4 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
F. Ena
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引用次数: 1

摘要

世界上大约有2亿人在流动,其中大约50%是女性。对于因迫害、战争、饥荒、气候灾害或逃离外部虐待甚至家庭内部暴力环境而离开的妇女,没有明确的移徙计划。在以父权制社会组织为特征的文化背景下,妇女所遭受的与性别有关的暴力以不同的方式表现出来,包括但不限于早婚和生殖器切割,生殖健康在很小的时候就已经受到严重损害。除此之外,还必须考虑到,低收入国家无法用多学科方法处理慢性退行性疾病,如糖尿病。脆弱或不存在的卫生系统没有为这一需求做好准备,目前这一原因造成的死亡人数占所有死亡人数的三分之一。与意大利母亲相比,来自高移民压力国家的妇女患妊娠糖尿病的风险更高;此外,埃塞俄比亚族裔的年轻女性患糖尿病的风险更大,这与年龄和bmi指数有关。除糖尿病外,性别不平等在移徙者患其他非传染性疾病方面也更为明显。在培训从业人员和重组基本保健服务方面需要作出重大努力,使他们在跨文化意义上具有能力。还需要对全体人口,特别是妇女进行健康教育,以控制危险行为,防止一般代谢综合征,特别是2型糖尿病的早期发作。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Gender Differences in Migration
There are about 200 million people on the move in the world, and approximately 50% of them are women. There are no clear migration plans for women leaving as a result of persecution, war, famine, climatic disasters or moving away from contexts of external abuse and even intrafamily violence. Gender-related violence, to which women are exposed in cultural contexts characterized by a patriarchal social organization, is manifested through different ways including, but not limited to, early marriages and genital mutilation, with reproductive health already being seriously impaired at an early age. To this must be added the consideration that low-income countries are not able to deal with chronic degenerative diseases with a multidisciplinary approach such as diabetes. Fragile or non-existent health systems are not prepared for this need, which now affects a third of all deaths from this cause. Compared to Italian mothers, women from high-migration pressure countries had a higher risk of gestational diabetes; in addition, young women of Ethiopian ethnicity are more exposed to increased diabetes risk, in an age- and BMI-dependent way. Gender inequalities are also more evident in migrants for other non-communicable diseases besides diabetes. A major effort is needed in terms of training practitioners and reorganization of basic health services, making them competent in an intercultural sense. Health education of the population as a whole and of women specifically is also needed to contain risk behavior and prevent the early onset of metabolic syndromes in general and of type 2 diabetes in particular.
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CiteScore
2.50
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