马的行为:1 .社会和马驹行为的文献综述

Katherine Carson, D.G.M. Wood-Gush
{"title":"马的行为:1 .社会和马驹行为的文献综述","authors":"Katherine Carson,&nbsp;D.G.M. Wood-Gush","doi":"10.1016/0304-3762(83)90138-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In most cases, the social organisation of each of the seven species of <em>Equidae</em> existing today outside captivity is either territorial or non-territorial. The striking differences found between these two types of organisation in the social grouping and bonds, mating behaviour, leadership and dominance hierarchies of the animals are examined. It is thought that the non-territorial species show a less primitive type of organisation than the territorial animals.</p><p>Infant <em>Equidae</em> are precocious animals and are able to follow their dams soon after birth. They stay close by their dams and travel with the herd from an early age and are therefore classified as “followers”, in contrast to the species which have a period of hiding after birth. Dams recognise their foals immediately after birth, whereas it takes 2 or 3 days for a foal to form an attachment to its dam. Being in close proximity to their dams, foals are able to nurse frequently and, unless artificially weaned, a foal will nurse until its dam foals again.</p><p>Foals start to graze during their first week and as they grow older they spend more time grazing and less time nursing and resting. It is normal for foals to be corprophagic until one month old, and this provides them with bacteria essential for the digestion of fibre. Play behaviour is solitary in very young foals, but after 4 weeks of age, foals play together, with male foals playing more than females and showing more aggressive, fighting movements in play.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100106,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Ethology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"1983-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0304-3762(83)90138-4","citationCount":"49","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Equine behaviour: I. A review of the literature on social and dam—Foal behaviour\",\"authors\":\"Katherine Carson,&nbsp;D.G.M. Wood-Gush\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/0304-3762(83)90138-4\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>In most cases, the social organisation of each of the seven species of <em>Equidae</em> existing today outside captivity is either territorial or non-territorial. The striking differences found between these two types of organisation in the social grouping and bonds, mating behaviour, leadership and dominance hierarchies of the animals are examined. It is thought that the non-territorial species show a less primitive type of organisation than the territorial animals.</p><p>Infant <em>Equidae</em> are precocious animals and are able to follow their dams soon after birth. They stay close by their dams and travel with the herd from an early age and are therefore classified as “followers”, in contrast to the species which have a period of hiding after birth. Dams recognise their foals immediately after birth, whereas it takes 2 or 3 days for a foal to form an attachment to its dam. Being in close proximity to their dams, foals are able to nurse frequently and, unless artificially weaned, a foal will nurse until its dam foals again.</p><p>Foals start to graze during their first week and as they grow older they spend more time grazing and less time nursing and resting. It is normal for foals to be corprophagic until one month old, and this provides them with bacteria essential for the digestion of fibre. Play behaviour is solitary in very young foals, but after 4 weeks of age, foals play together, with male foals playing more than females and showing more aggressive, fighting movements in play.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":100106,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Applied Animal Ethology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"1983-05-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0304-3762(83)90138-4\",\"citationCount\":\"49\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Applied Animal Ethology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304376283901384\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Applied Animal Ethology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304376283901384","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 49

摘要

在大多数情况下,今天在圈养环境之外存在的七种Equidae物种中的每一种的社会组织都是领土或非领土的。这两种类型的组织在社会分组和纽带、交配行为、动物的领导和统治等级等方面发现了显著的差异。人们认为,与有领土的动物相比,无领土的物种表现出较不原始的组织类型。幼马科动物是早熟的动物,出生后不久就能跟随它们的水坝。它们从小就待在自己的水坝附近,与鹿群一起旅行,因此被归类为“追随者”,与出生后有一段躲藏期的物种形成鲜明对比。小马驹在出生后就会被母马认出来,而小马驹则需要2到3天的时间才能与母马驹形成依恋关系。由于离母马很近,小马驹可以经常哺乳,除非人工断奶,否则小马驹会一直哺乳到母马驹再次出生。马驹在第一周开始吃草,随着年龄的增长,它们花更多的时间吃草,更少的时间护理和休息。马驹在一个月大之前是正常的食腐动物,这为它们提供了消化纤维所必需的细菌。非常小的马驹是单独玩耍的,但4周后,马驹会一起玩耍,公马驹比母马驹玩得更多,在玩耍中表现出更强的攻击性和打斗动作。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Equine behaviour: I. A review of the literature on social and dam—Foal behaviour

In most cases, the social organisation of each of the seven species of Equidae existing today outside captivity is either territorial or non-territorial. The striking differences found between these two types of organisation in the social grouping and bonds, mating behaviour, leadership and dominance hierarchies of the animals are examined. It is thought that the non-territorial species show a less primitive type of organisation than the territorial animals.

Infant Equidae are precocious animals and are able to follow their dams soon after birth. They stay close by their dams and travel with the herd from an early age and are therefore classified as “followers”, in contrast to the species which have a period of hiding after birth. Dams recognise their foals immediately after birth, whereas it takes 2 or 3 days for a foal to form an attachment to its dam. Being in close proximity to their dams, foals are able to nurse frequently and, unless artificially weaned, a foal will nurse until its dam foals again.

Foals start to graze during their first week and as they grow older they spend more time grazing and less time nursing and resting. It is normal for foals to be corprophagic until one month old, and this provides them with bacteria essential for the digestion of fibre. Play behaviour is solitary in very young foals, but after 4 weeks of age, foals play together, with male foals playing more than females and showing more aggressive, fighting movements in play.

求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信