Adsorption characteristics of SO2 onto novel activated carbon fixed bed: kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamics and washing regeneration.

The problem of SO₂ pollution in industrial flue gas has brought great pressure to environmental governance. In this study, a new type of activated carbon fixed bed device was designed and built for flue gas desulfurization. The results showed that activated carbons (AC1-AC5) were microporous activated carbons with abundant functional groups on the surface, and the desulfurization performance was ranked as AC1 > AC2 > AC3 > AC4 > AC5. The specific surface area of AC1 was as high as 624.98 m²/g, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 29.03 mg·g^-1 under the optimum reaction conditions. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm model and Bangham pore diffusion model are more suitable for describing the dynamic adsorption process of SO₂ on AC1. Combined with thermodynamic research, it is shown that the adsorption process of SO₂ is a spontaneous, exothermic, and chaotic reduction process, which is mainly a physical adsorption between single-layer adsorption and multi-layer adsorption. Finally, the desulfurization-washing regeneration cycle experiment results showed that the regeneration rate of AC1 increases with the washing time and washing temperature, up to 95%, which provides data reference for industrial application.