Quality of consumption and nutritional status of preschool children

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Usia prasekolah di Indonesia berkisar antara 3-6 tahun yang dimana pada masa ini telah memasuki masa growth plateau. Pada usia inilah kebiasaan anak mulai terbentuk, salah satunya adalah kebiasaan makannya. Hasil Riskesdas 2018 balita di Indonesia memiliki prevalensi status gizi sangat kurus, gizi buruk 10.2% dengan rincian 3.5% sangat kurus, status gizi kurang 6.7%, dan gizi lebih 8%. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi status gizi adalah asupan makanan dan saat ini masih banyak orang yang beranggapan bahwa anak bisa makan apa saja tanpa memperhatikan kualitasnya.

Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara kualitas konsumsi terhadap status gizi anak prasekolah di Kelurahan Sukabumi Selatan.     

Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian cross sectional dengan sampel 47 anak prasekolah dari TK An Nurmaniyah dan RA Al Ma’mur. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji Chi Square. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan Food Record 3x24 jam yang akan dianalisis menggunakan metode Diet Quality Index - International (DQI-I) dengan bantuan Microsoft excel 2013 dan untuk status gizi diukur menggunakan timbangan berat badan digital dan microtoise.

Hasil: sebanyak 91,5% anak usia prasekolah dalam penelitian ini memiliki kualitas konsumsi yang rendah dan sebanyak 57,4% berstatus gizi normal dengan pendapatan orang tua dalam kategori lebih dari 4 juta sebanyak 51,1%. Hasil penelitian menyatkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara kualitas konsumsi dengan status gizi anak prasekolah di Kelurahan Sukabumi Selatan (p=0.298, p>0.05). Hal tersebut dikarenakan ada faktor lain selain kualitas konsumsi yang mempengaruhi status gizi anak prasekolah, seperti status infeksi, pola konsumsi rumah tangga dan akses pangan.

Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas konsumsi tidak berhubungan dengan status gizi anak prasekolah di Kelurahan Sukabumi Selatan

 

KATA KUNCI: anak prasekolah; DQI-I; kualitas konsumsi; status gizi

 

ABSTRACT

Background: Preschool age in Indonesia ranges from 3-6 years which in this period has entered a growth plateaua. At this age that children's habits begin to form, one of which is eating habits which include eating habits. The results of Riskesdas 2018 under five years in Indonesia have a prevalence of very thin nutritional status, of 3.5% for malnutrition, 6.7% for underweight nutritional status, and 8% obesity. One of the many factors that affect nutritional status is food intake and currently, there are still many people who think that children can eat everything without regardless of the quality.

Objectives: To analyze the relationship between quality of consumption on the nutritional status of preschool children in Kelurahan Sukabumi Selatan.

Materials and Methods: This research using a cross-sectional design with the sampels are 47 preschool children from An Nurmaniyah Kindergarten and RA Al Ma'mur. Data analysis technique using Chi Square test. Data was collected using a 3x24 hours Food Record which will be analyzed using the Diet Quality Index - International (DQI-I) method with the Microsoft Excel 2013 and nutritional status was measured using a digital weight scale and microtoise.

Results: Most of preschool-aged children in these two kindergartens have low quality of consumption as much as 91.5% and have normal nutrition status as much as 57.4% with their parents’ income in the category of more than 4 million as much as 51.1%. The result stated there is no relationship between the quality of consumption and the nutritional status of preschool-aged children in Kelurahan Sukabumi Selatan. (p=0.298, p>0.05). This is because any other factors besides the quality of consumption that affect the nutritional status of preschoolers, such as infection status, household consumption patterns and access to food.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the quality of consumption is not relationship between the nutritional status of preschool children in Kelurahan Sukabumi Selatan.

 

KEYWORDS: DQI-I; nutritional status; preschool children; quality of consumption.