{"title":"任何其他名称的括号","authors":"J. Stasheff","doi":"10.3934/jgm.2021014","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p style='text-indent:20px;'>Brackets by another name - Whitehead or Samelson products - have a history parallel to that in Kosmann-Schwarzbach's \"From Schouten to Mackenzie: notes on brackets\". Here I <i>sketch</i> the development of these and some of the other brackets and products and braces within homotopy theory and homological algebra and with applications to mathematical physics.</p> <p style='text-indent:20px;'>In contrast to the brackets of Schouten, Nijenhuis and of Gerstenhaber, which involve a relation to another graded product, in homotopy theory many of the brackets are free standing binary operations. My path takes me through many twists and turns; unless particularized, <i>bracket</i> will be the generic term including product and brace. The path leads beyond binary to multi-linear <inline-formula><tex-math id=\"M1\">\\begin{document}$ n $\\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-ary operations, either for a single <inline-formula><tex-math id=\"M2\">\\begin{document}$ n $\\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> or for whole coherent congeries of such assembled into what is known now as an <inline-formula><tex-math id=\"M3\">\\begin{document}$ \\infty $\\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-algebra, such as in homotopy Gerstenhaber algebras. It also leads to more subtle invariants. Along the way, attention will be called to interaction with 'physics'; indeed, it has been a two-way street.</p>","PeriodicalId":1,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of Chemical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.4000,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Brackets by any other name\",\"authors\":\"J. Stasheff\",\"doi\":\"10.3934/jgm.2021014\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p style='text-indent:20px;'>Brackets by another name - Whitehead or Samelson products - have a history parallel to that in Kosmann-Schwarzbach's \\\"From Schouten to Mackenzie: notes on brackets\\\". Here I <i>sketch</i> the development of these and some of the other brackets and products and braces within homotopy theory and homological algebra and with applications to mathematical physics.</p> <p style='text-indent:20px;'>In contrast to the brackets of Schouten, Nijenhuis and of Gerstenhaber, which involve a relation to another graded product, in homotopy theory many of the brackets are free standing binary operations. My path takes me through many twists and turns; unless particularized, <i>bracket</i> will be the generic term including product and brace. The path leads beyond binary to multi-linear <inline-formula><tex-math id=\\\"M1\\\">\\\\begin{document}$ n $\\\\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-ary operations, either for a single <inline-formula><tex-math id=\\\"M2\\\">\\\\begin{document}$ n $\\\\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> or for whole coherent congeries of such assembled into what is known now as an <inline-formula><tex-math id=\\\"M3\\\">\\\\begin{document}$ \\\\infty $\\\\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-algebra, such as in homotopy Gerstenhaber algebras. It also leads to more subtle invariants. Along the way, attention will be called to interaction with 'physics'; indeed, it has been a two-way street.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":1,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Accounts of Chemical Research\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":16.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2021-05-20\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Accounts of Chemical Research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"100\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3934/jgm.2021014\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"化学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Accounts of Chemical Research","FirstCategoryId":"100","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3934/jgm.2021014","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
Brackets by another name - Whitehead or Samelson products - have a history parallel to that in Kosmann-Schwarzbach's "From Schouten to Mackenzie: notes on brackets". Here I sketch the development of these and some of the other brackets and products and braces within homotopy theory and homological algebra and with applications to mathematical physics. In contrast to the brackets of Schouten, Nijenhuis and of Gerstenhaber, which involve a relation to another graded product, in homotopy theory many of the brackets are free standing binary operations. My path takes me through many twists and turns; unless particularized, bracket will be the generic term including product and brace. The path leads beyond binary to multi-linear \begin{document}$ n $\end{document}-ary operations, either for a single \begin{document}$ n $\end{document} or for whole coherent congeries of such assembled into what is known now as an \begin{document}$ \infty $\end{document}-algebra, such as in homotopy Gerstenhaber algebras. It also leads to more subtle invariants. Along the way, attention will be called to interaction with 'physics'; indeed, it has been a two-way street.
Brackets by another name - Whitehead or Samelson products - have a history parallel to that in Kosmann-Schwarzbach's "From Schouten to Mackenzie: notes on brackets". Here I sketch the development of these and some of the other brackets and products and braces within homotopy theory and homological algebra and with applications to mathematical physics.
In contrast to the brackets of Schouten, Nijenhuis and of Gerstenhaber, which involve a relation to another graded product, in homotopy theory many of the brackets are free standing binary operations. My path takes me through many twists and turns; unless particularized, bracket will be the generic term including product and brace. The path leads beyond binary to multi-linear \begin{document}$ n $\end{document}-ary operations, either for a single \begin{document}$ n $\end{document} or for whole coherent congeries of such assembled into what is known now as an \begin{document}$ \infty $\end{document}-algebra, such as in homotopy Gerstenhaber algebras. It also leads to more subtle invariants. Along the way, attention will be called to interaction with 'physics'; indeed, it has been a two-way street.
期刊介绍:
Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance.
Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.