Effect of cu and co nanoparticles based complex on stratification of grape grafts

South and South-Eastern regions of Ukraine have unique climatic conditions for wine-making. The latter today is represented by single farmers, therefore, its expansion requires application of modern biotechnological methods, namely method of isolated cells, tissues and organs culture in vitro, micro reproduction for growing the planting material free of bacterial cancer and other diseases.1 It has well known that the technical varieties of grapes have a number of problems. One of them is a tendency of this crop to bacterial, fungal and virus diseases, which significantly reduce capacity and longevity of plantings. An infection can take place through the soil as well as the grapevine, then the disease is transmitted during grafting, since a graft can contain a pathogen and be dangerous for the whole future planting.2 Thus, it is necessary to get a sufficient number of recovered in vitro microclone cultures and adapt them to in vivo conditions.3,4 Johanniter grape technical variety was used as an object of investigation. It should be noted that the Johanniter variety is a complex interspecies hybrid of German breeding, resistant to mildew, oidium and having high winter resistance. It is known fact that microelements play an important role in the regulation of growth processes, including in the in vitro cultures, since they are precursors and stimulators of synthesis and operation of many enzymes. Thus, copper through enzymes effects carbon and nitrogen metabolism, increases plants’ resistance due to effect on growth inhibitors of phenolic nature. Presence of nanopowders of copper of 2,0-2,5 nm size in a nutrient medium when coaching the wheat seeds and vetch in a concentration range of 0,01-1,0 g per a hectare seeding rate provoked a significant increase in germinating energy and similarity.5 Cobalt is contained in plants in ionic form and as a constituent of vitamin B12, activates phosphoglyucomatase, arginase and nitrogenase, enolases and kinases, participates in oxidation processes and synthesis of leggemoglobin. The nanoparticles have an extremely high activity and their size corresponds to the size of living cells, therefore, biogenic metals in nanoparticle form are more efficient and safe perception by plants, and the doses necessary to put them into the nutrient medium are significantly smaller. According to references, 1-10 mg/ l6 is a physiologically grounded concentration of working solution of biogenic metals nanoparticles. Our previous experiments proved positive influence of cobalt and copper nanoparticles on horsemint (M. longifolia).7,8 Therefore, investigation of effect of the biogenic metals nanoparticles on growth characteristics of grape explants, depending on their concentration, is relevant. Thus, the purpose of our research is to study the processes of morphogenesis in vitro in the Johanniter grape technical variety in cultivation of the explants on modified Murasige and Skoog nutrient medium with different content of copper and cobalt nanoparticles.