Locomoción humana: modelos y variables biomecánicas

Walking and running are fundamental activities throughout the life cycle of people. Specifically, running is a highly studied activity due to the high joint and muscular impact it generates in those who practice, commonly causing injuries and alterations in the performance of athletes. Locomotion generates different physiological and mechanical challenges. This article seeks to clarify concepts mentioned in classic texts, which are basic and important to understand the research that followed. It also tries to explain different parameters that help to understand locomotion, contrasting with studies in humans and animals. The objective of this work is to review the literature, which focuses on the mechanical and energetic aspects of locomotion, the effect of size and different patterns of locomotion, with their mechanical models.