Hernia diafragmática congénita de presentación tardía. Reporte de caso con revisión de la literatura

A congenital diaphragmatic hernia occurs when the diaphragm has a structural defect that allows the migration of abdominal organs into the chest cavity. It is called a ""late presentation"" when its diagnosis is within 30 days of being born. More than 60% of patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia are misdiagnosed. The most common misdiagnoses are pleural effusion, pneumonia, pneumothorax, pneumatocele, and lung abscess. We present the case of a 3-year-old female who attended the emergency room due to abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, intolerance to the oral route, and respiratory distress. The chest X-Ray showed migration of the gastric chamber towards the thorax, displacement of the cardiac silhouette and the mediastinal structures to the right, and the tip of the nasogastric tube located in the left hemithorax. The doctors concluded a late presentation diaphragmatic hernia. The patient received surgical treatment, which was successful. This paper highlights the importance of suspecting the diagnosis of late-onset congenital diaphragmatic hernia when treating pediatric patients with respiratory distress without another apparent cause, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Key words: Late-onset congenital diaphragmatic hernia; respiratory distress syndrome; acute abdominal pain; pediatrics.