Review on structure, function and applications of microfluidic systems

Microfluidics is made on a very small scale, which can be used in very small volumes of fluids. In this system, fluids are contained within the microchannels, which perform various operations on the fluids.1,2 Inside microfluidic devices in addition to micro channels, other components including pumps, valves and mixers are available.3 Several types of microfluidic penetrate into these micro channels, and then some of these fluids are stored in the micro channels. Then, these fluids are combined with the mixers and create a specific reaction. Finally, the final product of this reaction will come out of the machine. The function of this device can be checked by ultraviolet microscopes, etc.4,5 Microfluidic systems have vast applications that have widespread use of the system in medicine and biology, as well as in research and laboratory. The technology of lab on a chip (LOC) is one of the applications of these systems that part of the chip acts as a part of the lab. The benefits of this technology include high sensitivity, isolation, reduced time and cost, high separability and excellent detection (Figure 1).6–8