Association of Serum Homocysteine with Controlled and Uncontrolled Type2 Diabetes Mellitus in Sulaimani City

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a serious metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies manifested by chronic hyperglycemia. The type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized as multifactorial genetic syndrome, induced by mutations of different genes   and environmental factors. Circulating homocysteine, a non- essential amino acid containing sulfur, is a broad biochemical marker for health/disease status diagnostics. The aim of our study is to evaluate circulating serum homocysteine levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Method: A cohort of 197 individuals randomly identified for this study. Of those, 148 individuals were diagnosed by consultants as type 2 diabetes mellitus and the rest 49 volunteer were normal controls group. In clinical chemistry laboratory, serum samples were analyzed for serum homocysteine, fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, serum creatinine, blood urea, blood urea   nitrogen and lipid profile. Results: There was a significant difference in the HbA1c and sugar level between type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and control group. There was non-significant (P-value=0.32), the serum level of homocysteine was (13.6 ± 4.8, 12.5 ± 5.0 and 12.7 ± 6.2) in T2DM glycemic (controlled, poorly controlled and un controlled), respectively and (11.4 ± 4.8) in control group. Conclusions: Serum level of homocysteine was not differed significantly in type 2 diabetes mellitus when compared with control group. According to ages of T2DM and control group, there was no significant difference in serum level of homocysteine. There was significant difference between male and female in the level of serum homocysteine in glycemic uncontrolled group.