8个国家卫生政策的跨国比较

R. Gupta, P. Sodani
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摘要

本文的主要目的是比较和描述选定国家的卫生政策特点,即阿根廷、澳大利亚、芬兰、肯尼亚、印度、韩国、英国(uk)、美国(us)。本文的第二个目标是通过比较适当的卫生资源分配情况来了解每个国家的政治承诺。为了研究卫生政策,从每个地理区域选择了八个国家,为了确定对卫生政策的政治承诺,分析了三个相关变量。在包括世界卫生组织(卫生组织)在内的多边组织的数据库中搜索最新数据。在研究的八个国家中,只有印度和肯尼亚制定了国家卫生政策。其他国家有医疗保健政策或健康保险政策或国家法律,以确定卫生部门的远景。数据表明,收入较高的国家在卫生方面的支出更多。然而,支出数据或缺乏支出数据表明,在健康结果的主要驱动因素中,可能没有关注初级保健、营养和卫生设施。许多国家仍在努力保持卫生政策大方向的连续性。卫生进程制定领域是一个需要进一步研究、证据、重新定位和对各国决策者进行培训的主要领域,以确保有组织和以证据为基础的政策制定。一旦有了结构化的卫生政策进程,卫生政策就可以有效地解决基层问题,并可能带来更好的卫生成果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Cross-country comparison of health policies in eight countries
The primary objective of this paper is the comparison and describe features of health policies across the selected countries viz, Argentina, Australia, Finland, Kenya, India, South Korea, United Kingdom (U.K), United States (U.S). The second objective of the paper is to understand the political commitment in each country by comparing the allocation of adequate resources toward health. To study health policies, eight countries are selected from each geographical region and to determine political commitment toward health policy, three related variables are analyzed. Databases of the multilateral organization including the World Health Organization (WHO) are searched for the latest data. Out of the eight countries studied, only India and Kenya have a National Health Policy. The rest of the countries have medical care policies or health insurance policies or national law to lay down the vision for the health sector. The data indicate that countries which fall in the higher income bracket spend more on health. However, the spending data or the lack of it indicates that there is perhaps no focus on primary care, nutrition, and sanitation, among the prominent drivers of health outcomes. Many countries continue to struggle, to maintain continuity in the broad direction of the health policy. The realm of health process formulation is a major area which needs further research, evidence, re-orientation, and training for policymakers across countries to ensure structured and evidence-based policy formulation. Once there is a structured health policy process, the health policies may effectively address the ground-level issues and may lead to better health outcomes.
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