The Relationship Between FokI Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms on The Incidence Of Diabetic Retinopathy In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients At Sanglah Hospital Denpasar Bali

Introduction: Complications of T2DM result in many organs of the body including visual disturbances (diabetic retinopathy). Polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor gene FokI, increase the risk of complications of T2DM including DR. This study aims to determine the FokI polymorphism in vitamin D receptor gene in DMT2 patients at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar Bali and to determine whether there is a relationship between vitamin D receptor polymorphisms FokI on the incidence of DR in DMT2 patients at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar Bali. Methods: Design of the research was a cross-sectional analytical study. To detect the status of the FokI polymorphism, DNA segment amplification was performed using the PCR method using a primer specific for the FokI polymorphism. Furthermore, sequencing was performed to detect the base pattern at the location of the FokI SNP. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 25.sav. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were 38 samples that were eligible to be analysed and successfully sequenced. The mean age of the sample was 50.68 years with the proportion of DR and non-DR of 73.7% and 26.3%, with the majority of DR patients being male (65.8%). In our multivariate analysis, we found a significant relationship between VDR FokI polymorphism with hypertension among diabetic retinopathy patient (p=0.036; adjusted OR=18; 95% CI=1.694-191.233). Conclusion: Heterozygous (C/T) VDR Fok I polymorphism was the most frequent in this finding. There is no significant relationship between FokI polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor gene and the incidence of RD in T2DM patients at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar.