Association of adiponectin gene polymorphism with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome

Background

Diabetes, the current epidemic in the present world is the growing concern. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a consequence of complex interactions among multiple genetic variants and environmental risk factors. This complex disorder is characterized by genetic changes in various adipokine levels.

Methods

In this study, adult population ranging from (30–60 years) with sample size of 400 T2DM cases, 150 MetS cases and 300 controls, among which female: male ratio was 2.3. Samples were taken from the Department of endocrinology SMHS Srinagar. We estimated the correlation of various adipokine levels among T2DM subjects, and we observe association of SNP+276 and +45 polymorphism among T2DM and MetS cases with control groups. Adipokine levels were estimated by ELISA and polymorphism by RFLP-PCR, followed by sequencing.

Results

Our results suggested that adiponectin levels are found to be significantly lower in cases while as leptin and resistin levels were found to be higher in cases than normals. Leptin and resistin were found to be positively correlated whereas they were found to have significant negative correlation with adiponectin. The genotype and allele frequencies for SNP+45 did not differ significantly between the T2DM, MetS cases and control groups. For +276, the results revealed a trend towards an increased risk of T2DM for the SNP+276G allele as compared with the SNP+45T allele in the Kashmiri population. The genotype and allele frequencies of SNP +45 (T/G) in ADIPOQ were not significantly different between both T2DM and MetS cases and controls (P = 0.15 for genotype; P = 0.3 for allele). However, the genotype and allele frequencies of SNP +276 (G/T) of ADIPOQ was significantly found to be associated with the risk of developing diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion

The present study revealed that the adiposity or its related complications involving type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome causes significant changes in adipokine levels, also there is a significant association between type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and polymorphism in SNP+276 (G/T) of ADIPOQ gene which suggests its important role in type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome of Kashmir population.