{"title":"跨国企业:历史与理论的新旧","authors":"Paul Krugman","doi":"10.1016/1042-752X(90)90020-G","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This historical paper reveals that international economic integration is neither new or necessarily driven by technological change, and examines the traditional, pre-1940, “vertical” multinational, which invested up- and downstream of their innovation, in light of this fact. An analysis is given of how this older multinational relates to current, “horizontal” firms, which produce a number of products in several places. Using the language of industrial organization theory, this paper shows that technological discoveries of the late nineteenth century explain the shift in multinational organization and the emergence of global oligopolies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100963,"journal":{"name":"North American Review of Economics and Finance","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 267-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"1990-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/1042-752X(90)90020-G","citationCount":"9","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Multinational enterprise: The old and the new in history and theory\",\"authors\":\"Paul Krugman\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/1042-752X(90)90020-G\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>This historical paper reveals that international economic integration is neither new or necessarily driven by technological change, and examines the traditional, pre-1940, “vertical” multinational, which invested up- and downstream of their innovation, in light of this fact. An analysis is given of how this older multinational relates to current, “horizontal” firms, which produce a number of products in several places. Using the language of industrial organization theory, this paper shows that technological discoveries of the late nineteenth century explain the shift in multinational organization and the emergence of global oligopolies.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":100963,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"North American Review of Economics and Finance\",\"volume\":\"1 2\",\"pages\":\"Pages 267-280\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"1990-09-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/1042-752X(90)90020-G\",\"citationCount\":\"9\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"North American Review of Economics and Finance\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/1042752X9090020G\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"North American Review of Economics and Finance","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/1042752X9090020G","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Multinational enterprise: The old and the new in history and theory
This historical paper reveals that international economic integration is neither new or necessarily driven by technological change, and examines the traditional, pre-1940, “vertical” multinational, which invested up- and downstream of their innovation, in light of this fact. An analysis is given of how this older multinational relates to current, “horizontal” firms, which produce a number of products in several places. Using the language of industrial organization theory, this paper shows that technological discoveries of the late nineteenth century explain the shift in multinational organization and the emergence of global oligopolies.
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