Recent advance in treatment of persistent posture-perceived dizziness

Persistent posture-perceived dizziness is a chronic functional vestibular disorder, which is characterized with persistent non-vertigo dizziness and unsteady for more than 3 months. Its possible pathogeneses include overlapping mechanism of vestibular pathways and anxiety-related neural networks, classical and operant conditioning, failure of re-adaptation, changes in brain activity areas, and molecular pathological mechanisms. Current treatments include psychotherapy, medication, vestibular and balance rehabilitation therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for refractory persistent posture-perceived dizziness. This paper mainly focuses on the above contents and summarizes as follows. Key words: Dizziness; Vestibular balance rehabilitation; Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation