Intercultural Study of the Fear of Missing Out, Spiritual Well-Being and Individual Differences Among University Students in Malaysia and Turkey

ABSTRACT This article examines the relationship between university students' perceptions of 'fear of missing out (FOMO) and their spiritual well-being. It tries to determine whether students' perceptions of FOMO and spiritual well-being differ by demographic indicators as a form of relational research employing a cross-sectional survey model. Surveys were conducted with 414 university students in Malaysia and Turkey. The FOMO Scale and Spiritual Well-being Scale were deployed for data collection. This article determined that students' perceptions of FOMO were higher than their spiritual well-being level and the perception of FOMO significantly and moderately affects perceptions of spiritual well-being. Students' FOMO significantly predicted their spiritual well-being levels. This shows that bad habits negatively affect human psychology, but this effect cannot be handled independently of people's characteristics. Keywords: Fear of missing out, lack of sense of belonging, Spiritual well-being, Social behavior, Social media forms