Trajectory Control in Discrete-Time Nonlinear Coupling Dynamics of a Soft Exo-Digit and a Human Finger Using Input–Output Feedback Linearization

This paper presents a quasi-static model-based control algorithm for controlling the motion of a soft robotic exo-digit with three independent actuation joints physically interacting with the human finger. A quasi-static analytical model of physical interaction between the soft exo-digit and a human finger model was developed. Then, the model was presented as a nonlinear discrete-time multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) state-space representation for the control system design. Input–output feedback linearization was utilized and a control input was designed to linearize the input–output, where the input is the actuation pressure of an individual soft actuator, and the output is the pose of the human fingertip. The asymptotic stability of the nonlinear discrete-time system for trajectory tracking control is discussed. A soft robotic exoskeleton digit (exo-digit) and a 3D-printed human-finger model integrated with IMU sensors were used for the experimental test setup. An Arduino-based electro-pneumatic control hardware was developed to control the actuation pressure of the soft exo-digit. The effectiveness of the controller was examined through simulation studies and experimental testing for following different pose trajectories corresponding to the human finger pose during the activities of daily living. The model-based controller was able to follow the desired trajectories with a very low average root-mean-square error of 2.27 mm in the x-direction, 2.75 mm in the y-direction, and 3.90 degrees in the orientation of the human finger distal link about the z-axis.