Efecto de diferentes tipos de entrenamiento físico en la altura de salto de gimnastas: meta-análisis

The main objective of the present study was to determine the effect of different types of physical training on the jumping height of gymnasts, under the meta-analysis methodology. The PRISMA guidelines were followed, the electronic databases consulted in the search were EBSCOhost (SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, Academic Search Complete, E-Journals, OmniFile Full Text Select (HW Wilson), Web of Science, Scopus, SciencDirect, Research Gate and Pubmed to identify relevant articles that investigated the application of physical training and evaluated jump height in gymnasts before and after the intervention. After the study selection process and based on the inclusion criteria, 29 individual studies were coded and coded 157 individual effect sizes (TE). The total sample of subjects was 688 gymnasts. The experimental group showed a global TE of low to moderate and significant (TE = 0.33, p <0.001 *). A significant difference was evidenced (p = p <0.001 *) between the types of training; Post Hoc analysis showed that the global TE of plyometrics training (TE = 0.85, p <0.001 *) was higher than that of stretching. or (TE = -0.07, p = 0.56) and “others” (TE = 0.48, p <0.001 *), but not to vibration (TE = 0.54, p <0.001 *); furthermore, the overall stretch type TE was significantly lower than all types of training. It was concluded that the type of training that showed the highest overall TE was plyometrics, followed by vibrational platform training. Stretching does not appear to be significantly related to gymnasts' jumping height.