A review on nanotechnology based innovations in diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial disease with several physiologic and pathogenic mechanisms and pathways. In MS the immune system attacks the myelin sheath that provides insulation to the nerve cells in their brain, spinal cord and optic nerve. With the damaged and compromised nerve membrane, the nerve cells are not able to conduct electrical signals properly, resulting in limb numbness, paralysis, blindness and other neurological disorders. The main purpose of this paper is to highlight advancements in nanotechnology that has enabled the clinician to cross blood brain barrier and to target the brain and CNS of the patient with multiple sclerosis. We have focused on application of nanotechnology having therapeutic and imaging components to improve tissue imaging, targeted interactions at molecular level, nerve protection and regeneration therapy. We have also discussed the pathophysiology of the disease and nanotechnology based new strategies to deliver the therapeutic candidates for the diagnosis and treatment of MS. Future advances in the development of new practical treatment modalities for the treatment of MS is currently a potential area of research.