碱木质素基水凝胶:合成、表征及其对土壤水分保持从接近饱和到干燥的影响

IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
Toby A. Adjuik, S. Nokes, M. Montross, O. Wendroth, R. Walton
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引用次数: 0

摘要

合成了木质素基水凝胶,其溶胀率为2013%。水凝胶中含有重要的亲水性羟基和大孔以保持水分。在高基质势和干土范围内,水凝胶提高了粉壤土的土壤保水能力。在高和低基质电位下,水凝胶浓度的增加增加了壤土细沙土壤的保水性。摘要高吸水性聚合物(水凝胶)已被提出作为土壤改良剂,以增加土壤中植物有效水分的数量。合成水凝胶在农业上的应用得到了广泛的研究。由于与合成水凝胶相关的环境问题日益增加,天然来源的水凝胶因其提高生物可降解性和生物相容性的潜力而受到关注。合成了木质素基水凝胶,测定了其溶胀性能和吸水性能。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和气体体积分析对水凝胶进行了表征。用悬垂水柱、压力板仪和露点电位仪测量了木质素基水凝胶改性后粉壤土和壤土细砂土从饱和到干燥的土壤保水曲线。结果表明,水凝胶在去离子水中的最大溶胀率为原质量的2013%,自来水中的最大溶胀率为1092%,0.9% NaCl溶液中的最大溶胀率为825%。水凝胶的FTIR光谱显示木质素结构中存在O-H键,这使得水凝胶与交联剂反应并形成不溶键,从而使水凝胶在暴露于水时膨胀。木质素水凝胶的SEM图像显示大的大孔,这允许吸水。在0.3% (w/w)的处理下,施用水凝胶显著提高了土壤的持水量。与不添加木质素水凝胶的对照处理相比,1% (w/w)处理的粉壤土在饱和或接近饱和时的保水性显著提高了0.12 cm3 cm-3,在现场容量上显著提高了0.08 cm3 cm-3。在1% (w/w)的处理下,水凝胶在土壤保水曲线范围内(-3 ~ -15,000 cm)增加了土壤保水。然而,木质素基水凝胶的施用对两种土壤的植物有效水分(PAWC)均没有影响。这些结果可以作为初步证据,在此基础上,进一步木质素为基础的水凝胶修正研究可以通过测试土壤中更高浓度的水凝胶来建立。关键词:木质素;土壤保水曲线;高吸水聚合物;
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Alkali Lignin-Based Hydrogel: Synthesis, Characterization, and Impact on Soil Water Retention From Near Saturation to Dryness
Highlights A lignin-based hydrogel was synthesized and shown to possess a swelling ratio of 2013%. The hydrogel contained important hydrophilic hydroxyl groups and macropores for water retention. The hydrogel improved soil water retention in silt loam soil at high matric potentials and in the dry soil range. Increasing hydrogel concentration increased water retention in a loamy fine sand soil at high and low matric potentials. Abstract. Superabsorbent polymers (hydrogels) have been proposed as soil amendments to increase the amount of plant-available water in the soil. Synthetic hydrogels have been widely investigated for use in agriculture. Due to increasing environmental concerns related to synthetic hydrogels, naturally sourced hydrogels are of interest because of their potential for increased biodegradability and biocompatibility. A lignin-based hydrogel was synthesized for this study, and its swelling properties and water absorption capacity were determined. The hydrogel was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and gas pycnometry. A hanging water column, pressure plate apparatus, and dew point potentiometer were used to measure the soil water retention curve from saturation to oven-dryness for silt loam and loamy fine sand soils after amendment with the lignin-based hydrogel. Results showed a maximum swelling ratio in deionized water of 2013% of the hydrogel’s original mass, 1092% in tap water, and 825% in a 0.9% NaCl solution. The FTIR spectra of the hydrogel showed the presence of O-H bonds from the lignin structure, which renders the hydrogel reactive to a crosslinker and forms insoluble bonds, thereby allowing the hydrogel to swell when exposed to water. SEM images of the lignin hydrogels indicate large macropores, which allowed for water absorption. Applying hydrogels significantly increased the soil's water-holding capacity at 0.3% (w/w) treatment. Hydrogel treatment significantly increased water retention at saturation or near saturation by 0.12 cm3 cm-3 and at field capacity by 0.08 cm3 cm-3 for silt loam soil at 1% (w/w) treatment compared to the control treatment with no added lignin hydrogel. Hydrogel application increased water retention over the range of the soil water retention curve from -3 to -15,000 cm for the loamy fine sand soil at 1% (w/w) treatment. However, the application of lignin-based hydrogel did not affect plant available water capacity (PAWC) in either soil tested. These results serve as preliminary evidence upon which further lignin-based hydrogel amendment studies could be built by testing higher concentrations of hydrogel in the soil. Keywords: Lignin, Soil water retention curve, Super absorbent polymers, Swelling capacity, Water retention.
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