Pathomorphological Features of Endotoxemia-Induced Pyelonephritis in Diabetic Nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy or diabetic kidney disease is characterized by the presence of pathological quantities of urine albumin excretion, diabetic glomerular lesions, and loss of glomerular filtration rate in diabetics [1]. Pyelonephritis is a disease appearing by damage of the renal pelvis and parenchyma. Approximately annual incidence of pyelonephritis ranges from 459,000 to 1,138,000 cases in the United States and 10.5 million to 25.9 million cases in the world [2]. Acute pyelonephritis is severe contamination of the upper renal pelvis system by bacterial infection most often seen in young adult women [3]. The complication of acute pyelonephritis in patients with diabetes mellitus is manifested by Escherichia coli (E. coli) and klebsiella endotoxins and occurs in 80% cases. The biopsy should be taken during proteinuria to differentiate the renal complications of patients with diabetes mellitus from other kidney pathologies. For this reason, the reading of biopsy tissues has greater clinical and pathomorphological significances in revealing of alterations, created by E. coli colony toxins in the formation of the pyelonephritis.