STATE OF INTERVARIETAL VARIABILITY OF WINTER WHEAT DEPENDING ON SEEDING TIME AND AMOUNT IN THE VOLGA-VYATKA REGION

The article presents experimental data obtained in a field experiment conducted at Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Agriculture in 2017-2021. The aim of the research is to determine the effect of elements of cultivation technology on yield and quality of winter wheat seeds on light gray forest soils in the southeast of the Volga-Vyatka region. The field experiment was based on a three-factor scheme: varieties of winter wheat (Moskovskaya 40, Moskovskaya 56, Moskovskaya 82, Nemchinovskaya 17, Nemchinovskaya 57, Moskovskaya 39 (standard)); sowing dates: the first - August 25-26, the second - September 10-11, the third - September 25-26 and seeding amount - 6.0; 4.5; 3.0 million v.s. (million viable seeds). Well-known generally accepted methods were used during the experiment. It was established that the field germination of seeds varied by the variants of the experiment at the first sowing period from 64.7 to 83.0%, at the second period from 67.4 to 75.9%, at the third period from 46.4 to 70.3%. It was determined that the conditions for overwintering of plants of the studied culture were generally satisfactory and, in terms of sowing time (in a ten-point system), varied within 7.85-8.37; 7.08-7.55; 6.44-7.18 points, respectively. It was found that the number of plants of the studied crop per 1 m2 before harvesting changed according to the sowing time as follows: in the first period from 130 to 186 pcs.; in the second period from 117 to 163 pieces and in the third period from 93 to 141 pcs. It was revealed that the sowing time had the greatest impact on winter wheat yield. On average for 2017-2021, the first of them stood out significantly average yield was 7.47, 5.66; 4.86 t/ha, respectively, in terms of sowing. When studying the seeding amount of winter wheat seeds, it was noted that, on average, at all three seeding amounts, the yield changed slightly and at a seeding amount of 6.0 million v.s. was 6.26 t/ha, at 4.5 million v.s. – 5.96 t/ha, at 3.0 million v.s. – 5.74 t/ha. It was determined that the most adapted varieties were Moskovskaya 56, Nemchinovskaya 57, Moskovskaya 82. Their average yield for three sowing times was 6.26, respectively; 6.29; 6.31 t/ha, which is by 13.2; 13.7 and 14.1% more than the standard (Moskovskaya 39). When studying the quality parametres of grain, the maximum value of protein and gluten was found in Moskovskaya 40 variety -16.8 and 29.5%, which is 10.5 and 9.7% more, than in the Moskovskaya 39 variety (standard).