细菌活性物质

IF 19 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
I. Aranson
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引用次数: 24

摘要

细菌是地球上最古老、数量最多的物种之一。细菌成功地在不同的栖息地定居,并在氧、碳和氮循环中发挥重要作用。它们还形成人类和动物微生物群,并可能成为病原体的来源和许多传染病的原因。活动细菌的悬浮液是活性物质研究最多的例子之一:一类广泛的非平衡系统,将来自环境的能量(例如,营养物的化学能)转化为机械运动。浓缩的细菌悬浮液,通常被称为活性流体,表现出复杂的集体行为,如大规模湍流运动(所谓的细菌湍流)和蜂群。细菌的活性也影响悬浮液的有效粘度和扩散系数。本文从物理学的角度报道了细菌活性物质的研究进展。它涵盖了关键的实验结果,提供了主要理论方法的关键评估,并解决了粘弹性、液体结晶度和外部限制对细菌悬浮液集体行为的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Bacterial active matter
Bacteria are among the oldest and most abundant species on Earth. Bacteria successfully colonize diverse habitats and play a significant role in the oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen cycles. They also form human and animal microbiota and may become sources of pathogens and a cause of many infectious diseases. Suspensions of motile bacteria constitute one of the most studied examples of active matter: a broad class of non-equilibrium systems converting energy from the environment (e.g., chemical energy of the nutrient) into mechanical motion. Concentrated bacterial suspensions, often termed active fluids, exhibit complex collective behavior, such as large-scale turbulent-like motion (so-called bacterial turbulence) and swarming. The activity of bacteria also affects the effective viscosity and diffusivity of the suspension. This work reports on the progress in bacterial active matter from the physics viewpoint. It covers the key experimental results, provides a critical assessment of major theoretical approaches, and addresses the effects of visco-elasticity, liquid crystallinity, and external confinement on collective behavior in bacterial suspensions.
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来源期刊
Reports on Progress in Physics
Reports on Progress in Physics 物理-物理:综合
CiteScore
31.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
45
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Reports on Progress in Physics is a highly selective journal with a mission to publish ground-breaking new research and authoritative invited reviews of the highest quality and significance across all areas of physics and related areas. Articles must be essential reading for specialists, and likely to be of broader multidisciplinary interest with the expectation for long-term scientific impact and influence on the current state and/or future direction of a field.
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