FEATURES OF THE CERVICAL AREA STRUCTURE OF PERMANENT TEETH OF DIFFERENT GROUPS

According to the findings of various authors, almost 100% of the world's population suffers from dental caries. Carious lesions of the cervical area of the teeth attract special attention since their localization does not provide for the early detection of the pathological process, and the features of the microbiocenosis of the oral cavity and the structural features of the enamel-cementum-dentine junction are significant risk factors for the development and progression of cervical caries. The aim of the study is to research different options of the cervical area structure of teeth of different groups and to find out the frequency of their occurrence. Material and methods. We determined the ratio of the hard tissues – enamel, cementum and dentin – in the cervical area of 320 permanent teeth of the maxilla and mandible (10 teeth each of 11-18, 21-28, 31-38 and 41-48), which were removed due to clinical indications in their vestibular, oral (palatal/lingual), medial and distal contact surfaces. Results. Four options of the hard tissue ratio in the cervical region of the tooth were identified: lack of contact between enamel and cementum and the presence of zones of open dentin; contact of the enamel margin with the cementum; enamel overlapping cementum; cementum overlapping enamel. Each of the specified options occurs with different frequency on the vestibular, oral, medial and distal contact surfaces of teeth of different groups. Among all examined tooth surfaces, 2% have a zone of exposed dentin in the cervical area, 4% have the enamel in the cervical area covered with a layer of cementum, 47% of the surfaces have variants of contact of enamel margin with cementum and overlapping of cementum with a layer of enamel. Further study of the characteristics of the ratio of the hard tissues of the tooth in the cervical area will allow to find out the etiological factors of the development of cervical lesions and offer new and improved methods of their prevention, diagnosis and treatment.