G. Feyereisen, E. Ghane, T. W. Schumacher, B. Dalzell, M. Williams
{"title":"木屑生物反应器可以在集水区规模使用吗?硝酸盐性能和沉积物考虑","authors":"G. Feyereisen, E. Ghane, T. W. Schumacher, B. Dalzell, M. Williams","doi":"10.13031/ja.15496","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Highlights Novel three-bed, cascading-inlet bioreactor treated agricultural drainage from a 249-ha catchment. Nitrate removal rates and load reduction efficiencies were similar to those of traditional single-field bioreactors. Sedimentation problems reduced bed life; a sediment sensing and exclusion system solved them. This scale provides opportunities for centralized management and nutrient reduction verification. Abstract. Denitrifying bioreactors, a structural practice deployed at the field scale to meet water quality goals, have been underutilized and require additional evaluation at the small catchment scale. The objective of this study was to quantify the performance of a large, multi-bed denitrifying bioreactor system sized to treat agricultural drainage runoff (combined drainage discharge and surface runoff) from a 249-ha catchment. Three woodchip bioreactor beds, 7.6 m wide by 41 m long by 1.5 m deep, with cascading inlets, were constructed in 2016 in southern Minnesota, U.S. The beds received runoff for one water year from a catchment area that is 91% tile-drained row crops, primarily maize and soybeans. Initial woodchip quality differed among the three beds, affecting flow and nitrate removal rates. Bioreactor flow was unimpeded by sediment for twelve events from September 2016 to July 2017, during which time 55% of the discharge from the catchment was treated in the bioreactor beds. Average daily nitrate removal rates ranged from 2.5 to 6.5 g-N m-3 d-1 for the three bioreactor beds, with nitrate-N load removal of flow through the beds between 19% and 27%. When accounting for untreated by-pass flow, the overall nitrate-N removal of the multi-bed system was 12.5% (713 kg N). During high-flow events, incoming sediment clogged the reactor beds, decreasing their performance. There was 4,520 kg of sediment trapped in one bed, and evidence suggests the other two trapped a similar load. To solve this problem and prolong the bioreactor’s lifespan, we installed a shutoff gate that activated when inflow turbidity exceeded a threshold value. Finally, the findings indicate that catchment-scale denitrifying bioreactors can successfully remove nitrate load from agricultural runoff, but sediment-prevention measures may be required to extend the bioreactor's lifespan. Keywords: Bioreactor, Denitrification, Nitrate removal, Sedimentation, Subsurface drainage.","PeriodicalId":29714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the ASABE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Can Woodchip Bioreactors Be Used at a Catchment Scale? Nitrate Performance and Sediment Considerations\",\"authors\":\"G. Feyereisen, E. Ghane, T. W. Schumacher, B. Dalzell, M. Williams\",\"doi\":\"10.13031/ja.15496\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Highlights Novel three-bed, cascading-inlet bioreactor treated agricultural drainage from a 249-ha catchment. Nitrate removal rates and load reduction efficiencies were similar to those of traditional single-field bioreactors. Sedimentation problems reduced bed life; a sediment sensing and exclusion system solved them. This scale provides opportunities for centralized management and nutrient reduction verification. Abstract. Denitrifying bioreactors, a structural practice deployed at the field scale to meet water quality goals, have been underutilized and require additional evaluation at the small catchment scale. The objective of this study was to quantify the performance of a large, multi-bed denitrifying bioreactor system sized to treat agricultural drainage runoff (combined drainage discharge and surface runoff) from a 249-ha catchment. Three woodchip bioreactor beds, 7.6 m wide by 41 m long by 1.5 m deep, with cascading inlets, were constructed in 2016 in southern Minnesota, U.S. The beds received runoff for one water year from a catchment area that is 91% tile-drained row crops, primarily maize and soybeans. Initial woodchip quality differed among the three beds, affecting flow and nitrate removal rates. Bioreactor flow was unimpeded by sediment for twelve events from September 2016 to July 2017, during which time 55% of the discharge from the catchment was treated in the bioreactor beds. Average daily nitrate removal rates ranged from 2.5 to 6.5 g-N m-3 d-1 for the three bioreactor beds, with nitrate-N load removal of flow through the beds between 19% and 27%. When accounting for untreated by-pass flow, the overall nitrate-N removal of the multi-bed system was 12.5% (713 kg N). During high-flow events, incoming sediment clogged the reactor beds, decreasing their performance. There was 4,520 kg of sediment trapped in one bed, and evidence suggests the other two trapped a similar load. To solve this problem and prolong the bioreactor’s lifespan, we installed a shutoff gate that activated when inflow turbidity exceeded a threshold value. Finally, the findings indicate that catchment-scale denitrifying bioreactors can successfully remove nitrate load from agricultural runoff, but sediment-prevention measures may be required to extend the bioreactor's lifespan. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
新型三床,梯级进水生物反应器处理249公顷集水区的农业污水。硝酸盐的去除率和负荷降低效率与传统的单场生物反应器相似。沉降问题降低了床层寿命;沉积物传感和排除系统解决了这些问题。该量表为集中管理和营养减少验证提供了机会。摘要反硝化生物反应器是在实地规模上为达到水质目标而部署的一种结构性做法,但尚未得到充分利用,需要在小集水区规模上进行额外评价。本研究的目的是量化大型多床反硝化生物反应器系统的性能,该系统用于处理249公顷集水区的农业排水径流(综合排水排放和地表径流)。2016年,美国明尼苏达州南部建造了三个木屑生物反应器床,宽7.6米,长41米,深1.5米,具有层叠式入口。这些床从集水区接收了一个水年的径流,该集水区91%是瓦片排水的行作物,主要是玉米和大豆。不同床层的初始木屑质量不同,影响了流速和硝酸盐去除率。在2016年9月至2017年7月的12个事件中,生物反应器的流动不受沉积物的阻碍,在此期间,55%的集水区排放在生物反应器床中进行处理。三个生物反应器床的平均每日硝酸盐去除率为2.5至6.5 g-N m-3 d-1,通过床的硝酸盐- n负荷去除率为19%至27%。考虑到未经处理的旁通流,多床系统的总体硝酸盐N去除率为12.5% (713 kg N)。在高流量事件期间,传入的沉积物堵塞了反应器床,降低了它们的性能。有4520公斤的沉积物被困在一个床上,证据表明其他两个床也有类似的负荷。为了解决这个问题并延长生物反应器的使用寿命,我们安装了一个关闭阀,当进水浊度超过阈值时就会启动。最后,研究结果表明,集水区规模的反硝化生物反应器可以成功地去除农业径流中的硝酸盐负荷,但可能需要采取防止沉积的措施来延长生物反应器的使用寿命。关键词:生物反应器,反硝化,硝酸盐去除,沉降,地下排水
Can Woodchip Bioreactors Be Used at a Catchment Scale? Nitrate Performance and Sediment Considerations
Highlights Novel three-bed, cascading-inlet bioreactor treated agricultural drainage from a 249-ha catchment. Nitrate removal rates and load reduction efficiencies were similar to those of traditional single-field bioreactors. Sedimentation problems reduced bed life; a sediment sensing and exclusion system solved them. This scale provides opportunities for centralized management and nutrient reduction verification. Abstract. Denitrifying bioreactors, a structural practice deployed at the field scale to meet water quality goals, have been underutilized and require additional evaluation at the small catchment scale. The objective of this study was to quantify the performance of a large, multi-bed denitrifying bioreactor system sized to treat agricultural drainage runoff (combined drainage discharge and surface runoff) from a 249-ha catchment. Three woodchip bioreactor beds, 7.6 m wide by 41 m long by 1.5 m deep, with cascading inlets, were constructed in 2016 in southern Minnesota, U.S. The beds received runoff for one water year from a catchment area that is 91% tile-drained row crops, primarily maize and soybeans. Initial woodchip quality differed among the three beds, affecting flow and nitrate removal rates. Bioreactor flow was unimpeded by sediment for twelve events from September 2016 to July 2017, during which time 55% of the discharge from the catchment was treated in the bioreactor beds. Average daily nitrate removal rates ranged from 2.5 to 6.5 g-N m-3 d-1 for the three bioreactor beds, with nitrate-N load removal of flow through the beds between 19% and 27%. When accounting for untreated by-pass flow, the overall nitrate-N removal of the multi-bed system was 12.5% (713 kg N). During high-flow events, incoming sediment clogged the reactor beds, decreasing their performance. There was 4,520 kg of sediment trapped in one bed, and evidence suggests the other two trapped a similar load. To solve this problem and prolong the bioreactor’s lifespan, we installed a shutoff gate that activated when inflow turbidity exceeded a threshold value. Finally, the findings indicate that catchment-scale denitrifying bioreactors can successfully remove nitrate load from agricultural runoff, but sediment-prevention measures may be required to extend the bioreactor's lifespan. Keywords: Bioreactor, Denitrification, Nitrate removal, Sedimentation, Subsurface drainage.