心肌重编程医学:诱导多能干细胞的发展、应用和挑战

Yigang Wang
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引用次数: 4

摘要

诱导多能干细胞(iPSCs)是通过对成体/体细胞进行重编程而产生的。体细胞重编程技术为患者特异性心脏再生医学、疾病建模和药物发现提供了一种有前途的策略。与其他干细胞/祖细胞相比,iPSCs是一种理想的潜在自体细胞来源,因为它们可以无限繁殖,并且能够产生大量功能性心血管细胞。然而,对iPSCs的特异性、效率、免疫原性和安全性的担忧是当前转化研究的主要挑战。为了使iPSC技术更接近临床应用,需要对该技术进行根本性的改变,以确保治疗性后代的功能和非致瘤性。因此,了解和研究多能干细胞产生和分化的生物学、遗传学和表观遗传学机制是至关重要的。本文综述了诱导多能干细胞的发现、历史和相关机制。强调了当前的技术改进和潜在的应用,以及重要的挑战和前景。最后,提出了新兴技术,其中iPSC生成和分化方法的改进可能需要进一步研究,例如无集成方法、直接重编程和iPSC银行的发展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Myocardial Reprogramming Medicine: The Development, Application, and Challenge of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be generated by reprogramming of adult/somatic cells. The somatic cell reprogramming technology offers a promising strategy for patient-specific cardiac regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug discovery. iPSCs are an ideal potential option for an autologous cell source, as compared to other stem/progenitor cells, because they can be propagated indefinitely and are able to generate a large number of functional cardiovascular cells. However, there are concerns about the specificity, efficiency, immunogenicity, and safety of iPSCs which are major challenges in current translational studies. In order to bring iPSC technology closer to clinical use, fundamental changes in this technique are required to ensure that therapeutic progenies are functional and nontumorigenic. It is therefore critical to understand and investigate the biology, genetic, and epigenetic mechanisms of iPSCs generation and differentiation. In this spotlight paper the discovery, history, and relative mechanisms of iPSC generation are summarized. The current technological improvements and potential applications are highlighted along with the important challenges and perspectives. Finally, emerging technologies are presented in which improvements to iPSC generation and differentiation approaches might warrant further investigation, such as integration-free approaches, direct reprogramming, and the development of iPSC banking.
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