技术油的丙酮解作为其复杂加工成替代燃料和润滑油工业生物产品的基础:一种创新的方法和技术

V. Kyrychenko, V. Kyrychenko, V. Nezdorovin
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本文的材料反映了一个非常重要的问题的系统研究的下一阶段的结果,即寻找有效的方法将化学(T)油加工成可替代的功能性高质量和高生物降解性的燃料和润滑油(PM)材料的生物产品。实验研究的主要对象是油的醇解法,与成熟的醇解法和酯解法相比,醇解法是尚未开发的方法之一。在考虑了油的催化和可逆反应机理为其三乙酰甘油分子的特异性预酰化的基础上,开发了两类油的醇解工艺的化学工艺基础,即:碱性菜籽油(g)和在其基础上与20%的蓖麻油组成所谓的“ripritsol-20”(年)。确定了实现高效乙酰水解工艺的最佳工艺参数,以获得高质量的中间体——由通式r平易c (O) - oh或r平易c (O) - oh的相应游离脂肪酸组成的混合物。有必要将油(p)或(pp)的乙酰解过程作为第一阶段加工技术的基础与下一阶段加工技术相结合,即将VJ酸转化为更活跃的下一阶段衍生物-酸性氯化物的反应,并通过一种已知的,简单和快速的方法几乎定量地产生中间产物- HlAn-VZhK (r)或(rr)的混合物。该复合技术的概念思想为合理处理VZ酸及其酸酐混合物(HlAn-VZhK混合物)成为广泛用途的生物组分指明了方向。在复杂工艺的第二阶段,建议采用众所周知的技术和完善的Schotten-Bauman方法将Hlan-IJK混合物加工成主要生物产品-生物燃料或基础生物油,该方法是基于适当结构的醇与某种类型的氯化物的酰化反应。或lan - vzhk (pp)。重点介绍了所选方法对醇类酰化反应的有利过程,特别是其不可逆性,在标准条件下反应速度快,在此条件下复杂工艺的第二阶段工艺具有较高的技术和经济效率。它表明,可以修改复杂过程的技术操作,将其导向某些生物产品的生产,如生物燃料或生物油,其基础是对原材料的必要组合进行适应性选择。因此,新的酯结构生物燃料被提议通过甲醇或乙醇与由ripol衍生的VOR酸氯化物混合物的酰化来获得。而新的二酯结构的碱性生物油则被推荐通过工业生产的糖酵解(特别是乙二醇)与由复合油ripritsol-20衍生的HlAn-VZhK混合物的酰化得到。所提供的表计算的物料平衡的每一个阶段的复杂过程,其技术和经济效率和环境安全的特点。确定了研究过程中获得的产品实验样品的主要功能特性和一些操作指标:生物燃料和基础生物油,以及以最好的矿物和生物产品为基础的复合产品,特别是生物柴油和汽车微型生物油。对其特性的分析表明,它们在质量的功能指标上并不逊于pm材料分支中最好的传统材料。圣经12,表5。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
ACETOLYSIS OF TECHNICAL OILS AS A BASIS FOR THEIR COMPLEX PROCESSING INTO ALTERNATIVE ONESBIOPRODUCTS OF THE FUEL AND LUBRICANTS INDUSTRY: AN INNOVATIVE METHOD AND TECHNOLOGY
The material of the article reflects the results of the next stage of the systematic study of a very important problem in finding effective methods for processing chemical (T) oils into alternative functionally high quality and high biodegradability bioproducts of the fuel and lubricants (PM) materials. The main object of experimental research is the method of acetolysis of oils as one of the practically unexplored methods in comparison with well-developed methods of alcoholysis and esterolysis of T-oils. Based on the considered mechanism of catalytic and reversible reaction of acetolysis of oils as specific preacylation of their triacetylglycerol molecules, chemical-technological bases of processes of acetolysis of oils of two types are developed, namely: basic – rapeseed (g) and composition on its basis with 20 %, castor oil the so-called "ripritsol-20" (years). The optimal technological parameters for achieving high efficiency of acetolysis processes to obtain high-quality intermediates - mixtures of the corresponding FFAs of the general formulas RрC(O)–OH or RррC(O)–OH have been established. The necessity of combining the process of acetolysis of oils (p) or (pp) as the basis of the first stage of processing technology with the next stage, namely the conversion of VJ acids into more active in the reactions of the next stage derivatives - acid chlorides, and by a known, simple and fast method almost quantitative yield of intermediate products - mixtures of HlAn-VZhK (r) or (rr). The conceptual idea of the complex technology indicates the directions of rational processing of mixtures of VZ acids and their anhydrides (mixtures of HlAn-VZhK) into biocomponents of a wide range of purposes. In the second stage of the complex process, it is proposed to process Hlan-IJK mixtures into main bioproducts - biofuels or basic bio-oils by the well-known technologically and perfect Schotten-Bauman method, which is based on the acylation reaction of alcohols of the appropriate structure with chlorides of a certain type. or HlAn-VZhK (pp). Emphasis is placed on the rather favorable course of the acylation reaction of alcohols by the chosen method, in particular on its irreversibility, high speed under standard conditions, under such conditions high technical and economic efficiency of the second stage technology of the complex process is provided. It is shown that the technological operations of the complex process can be modified, directing them to the production of certain bioproducts, such as biofuels or biooils on the basis of adapted selection of the necessary combinations of raw materials. Thus, new biofuels of ester structure are proposed to be obtained by acylation of methanol or ethanol with mixtures of VOR acid chlorides derived from ripol. While new basic biooils of diester structure are recommended to be obtained by acylation of glycolysis of industrial production (in particular ethylene glycol) with a mixture of HlAn-VZhK, derived from the composite oil ripritsol-20. The presented tables of the calculated material balances of each of the stages of the complex process characterize their technical and economic efficiency and environmental safety. The main functional properties and some operational indicators of the experimental samples of products obtained during the research are determined: both biofuels and basic biooils, and composite ones based on the best mineral and bioproducts, in particular biodiesel and motor min-biooils. The analysis of their characteristics convinces that they do not concede on the functional indicators of quality to the best traditional materials of branch of PM-materials. Bibl. 12, Tab. 5.
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