开放标准和海底专利问题

Aura Soininen
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引用次数: 6

摘要

在ICT等网络效应强、产品兼容性和互操作性具有综合效益的行业中,标准化至关重要。标准化的目标是促进全行业对新技术的接受。尽管非专有标准通常是首选,但专有技术可能具有技术优势,因此选择专有技术作为标准可能是合理的。然而,只要有人声称对一项技术拥有控制权,就可能产生利益冲突。事实上,专利和开放标准之间的关系是有问题的。标准组织的专利政策旨在减少这些冲突:通常鼓励参与者公开必要的专利,并在免版税的基础上或在合理和非歧视的条件下许可这些专利。不幸的是,披露和许可要求往往是不充分的,并且有可能在标准建立之后才出现要求标准化技术的专利。本文考察了美国反垄断法和欧盟竞争法是否适用于减少海底专利问题。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Open standards and the problem with submarine patents
Standardization is essential in industries such as ICT in which network effects are strong, and product compatibility and interoperability have comprehensve benefits. The objective ofstandardization is to promote industry-wide acceptance ofnew technologies. Although non-proprietary standards are often preferred, proprietary technology may have technical benefits, and it may therefore be rational to choose that for a standard. Whenever someone can claim control over a technology, however, conflicts of interest are likely to result. Indeed,the relationship between patents and open standards is problematic. The patent policies of standards organizations aim to reduce these conflicts: participants are typically encouraged to disclose essential patents and to license them on a royalty-free basis or on reasonable and non-discriminatory terms. Unfortunately disclose and licensing requirements are often inadequate and it is possible that patents claiming standardized technology surface after the establishment of a standard. This paper examines whether U.S. antitrust and EC competition laws could be applied with a view to diminishing the submarine patent problem.
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