From the external ear to the auditory cortex: A ‘realistic’ voyage through the imaging along the auditory pathways

Abstract Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) represent anatomical structures along the auditory pathway, from the external ear to the auditory cortex. Evolution of CT machines makes it possible to scan a large volume in less time and provide new opportunities for post-processing and image reconstruction, such as virtual endoscopy and three-dimensional imaging of the middle ear. CT and MR are complementary for representation of the inner ear in different ways. Through MR it is possible to analyse not only morphological but also functional aspects of the brain, e.g. the progression of myelination or cortical activation during different tasks. Advanced techniques of morphological and functional imaging should be employed with caution, and should always be in association with audiological and neurological examination and conventional imaging, and consideration of their pitfalls and technical limitations.