纳粹救援者?弗里茨·谢尔霍恩和罗马尼亚大屠杀的争议记忆

IF 0.4 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
G. Fisher
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要:本文探讨了二战前和二战期间德国驻罗马尼亚Cernăuţi(切尔诺维茨)领事弗里茨·谢尔霍恩的角色。最近,谢尔霍恩被描述为大屠杀期间犹太人的拯救者。一些人认为,二战期间阻止了2万名Cernăuţi犹太人被罗马尼亚人驱逐出境的,并不是像之前认为的那样,是战时市长特拉扬·波波维奇(Traian Popovici),而是谢尔霍恩。这些文件主要是基于谢尔霍恩在德国外交部档案馆(German Foreign Office Archives)里的文件。以下内容表明,谢尔霍恩的立场更为矛盾。首先,它认为应根据该地区的权力和种族间关系来考虑他的行动。其次,它表明谢尔霍恩的遗产包括长达数十年的斗争,以阻止西德对许多罗马尼亚大屠杀幸存者的赔偿。谢尔霍恩强调罗马尼亚对这些罪行负有唯一责任,他参与了一系列战后的互动——有时是公开的,有时是敌对的——与他帮助过的犹太幸存者和他没有帮助过的其他人。因此,本文重新审视了谢尔霍恩战时和战后的活动。首先,它把这些放在大屠杀的背景下,在罗马尼亚的特殊动态和有争议的后果。但除此之外,它还有助于对大屠杀期间用于对人们行为进行分类的静态标签进行辩论,从而探索历史、记忆和清算之间更广泛和复杂的联系。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A Nazi Rescuer? Fritz Schellhorn and the Contested Memory of the Holocaust in Romania
ABSTRACT:This study addresses the role of Fritz Schellhorn, the German consul in Cernăuţi (Czernowitz), Romania before and during World War II. Recently Schellhorn has been presented as a rescuer of Jews during the Holocaust. Based largely on Schellhorn's papers in the German Foreign Office Archives, some have argued that it was not, as previously believed, the wartime mayor and Righteous Among the Nations Traian Popovici, but Schellhorn, who prevented the deportation of 20,000 of Cernăuţi's Jews by the Romanians during World War II. The following suggests that Schellhorn occupied a more ambivalent position. First, it argues that his actions should be considered in light of power and interethnic relations in the region. Second, it shows that Schellhorn's legacy includes a decades-long struggle to obstruct the compensation of many Romanian Holocaust survivors by West Germany. Emphasizing Romania's sole responsibility for the crimes, Schellhorn engaged in a range of postwar interactions—sometimes public, sometimes hostile—with Jewish survivors he had helped and others he had not. The article thus examines Schellhorn's wartime and postwar activities anew. For one thing, it places these against the backdrop of the Holocaust in Romania's particular dynamics and contested aftermath. But beyond this, it contributes to the debate over the static labels used to categorize people's behaviors during the Holocaust and thereby explores the wider and complex links between history, memory, and reckoning.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.40
自引率
33.30%
发文量
63
期刊介绍: The major forum for scholarship on the Holocaust and other genocides, Holocaust and Genocide Studies is an international journal featuring research articles, interpretive essays, and book reviews in the social sciences and humanities. It is the principal publication to address the issue of how insights into the Holocaust apply to other genocides. Articles compel readers to confront many aspects of human behavior, to contemplate major moral issues, to consider the role of science and technology in human affairs, and to reconsider significant political and social factors.
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