热电热泵在区域供热系统中的应用

Yu.M. Lobunets
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摘要

本文提出了在低温区域供热系统(4-5代DH系统)中应用热电热泵(THP)的可能性的初步分析。THP的优点是可靠性高,组成中不含活动部件和氟利昂,结构紧凑,尺度因子不受影响。与压缩热泵不同,THP提供了有效的电路解决方案,给他们带来了额外的实际好处。这些特点使得再现理想的洛伦兹循环成为可能,这可以通过串联热电模块实现。总工作温差被划分成大量的小区间,保证了每个模块的高效率,而所需的温差和性能是通过设置相应数量的串联微型thp来实现的。显然,由于一些技术和经济限制,这种方案不能使用压缩热泵来执行。热电热泵没有这样的限制,因为每个热电元件是一个微型hp,可以作为一个单独的thp。以额定功率为1kW的THP为例,分析了该方案的特点。与经典的惠普不同,它有很大的灵活性。在给定的温度条件下,由于电源电流的变化,所考虑的THP的功率可以在0.5 kW到5kw的范围内变化。同时,其有效性在COP = 14 ~ COP = 2范围内变化。这为创建“智能”供暖系统开辟了新的机会,允许优化热消耗模式,通过纯程序化的方法使其适应当前的需求。THP G»300欧元/千瓦的估计资本成本是基于当前组件成本水平的实际数据。参考文献6,图5,表1。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
APPLICATION OF THE THERMOELECTRIC HEAT PUMPS FOR THE DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS
The article presents a preliminary analysis of the possibility of applying thermoelectric heat pumps (THP) in low-temperature district heating systems (in the 4–5 generation DH systems). The advantages of THP are the high reliability, the lack of moving parts and freons in their composition, the compactness, the independence of the scale factor. Unlike the compression heat pump, THP provides effective circuit solutions, giving them additional tangible benefits. These features make it possible to reproduce the ideal Lorentz cycle, which can be realized with series-connected thermoelectric modules. The total operating temperature difference is divided into a large number of small intervals, which ensures the high efficiency of each module, and the required temperature difference and performance are achieved by the set of a corresponding number of series-connected micro-THP. It is clear that such a scheme cannot be implemented using compression heat pumps because of a number of technical and economic constraints. There are no such restrictions for thermoelectric heat pumps since each thermoelement is a micro-HPs that can act as a separate THPs. On the example of THP with a rated power of 1kW, the characteristics of the proposed scheme were analyzed. Unlike the classic HP, it has great flexibility. Under given temperature conditions, the power of the considered THP can vary in the range from 0.5 kW to 5 kW only due to a change in the supply current. At the same time, its effectiveness varies in the range from COP = 14 to COP = 2. This opens up new opportunities for the creation of «smart» heating systems that allow optimization of heat consumption modes, adapting them to current needs by purely programmatic methods. The estimated capital cost of THP G » 300 EUR/kW is based on actual data on the current level of component cost. Ref. 6, Fig. 5, Tab. 1.
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