求同存异:20世纪60年代美国正统犹太科学家与进化论的对抗

IF 0.3 3区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY
Rachel S. A. Pear
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引用次数: 5

摘要

虽然宗教信仰与进化论之间的紧张关系经常被认为是基督教美国人的现象,但这篇文章加入了一个越来越多的文献体系,说明一些犹太裔美国人也在与达尔文主义作斗争。本文将重点关注正统犹太科学家协会(AOJS)的案例,并记录其成员在20世纪60年代和70年代对进化论的参与。尽管于1948年在纽约成立,AOJS在最初的十年里并没有努力解决进化问题。当进化论在20世纪60年代真正出现时,美国基督教对进化论的讨论也在升级,AOJS成员对这个问题表达了一系列的观点。然而,那些强烈批评进化论的人比那些对进化论持积极态度的人在这一主题上写得更多。这篇文章强调了20世纪下半叶美国人和犹太人生活中的历史和社会学因素,这些因素与这一时期一些AOJS成员的反进化论爆发有关。它进一步说明,一些成员所提倡的进化论的消极观点并没有受到协会的压制或谴责,尽管事实上,它很可能是团体内的少数人的观点。最后,文章指出,美国东正教科学家在进化论问题上采取了同意不同意见的模式,因为他们把东正教犹太人的统一价值置于其他科学和社会考虑和目标之上。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Agreeing to Disagree: American Orthodox Jewish Scientists’ Confrontation with Evolution in the 1960s
Abstract While tension between religious commitment and evolution has often been perceived as a Christian American phenomenon, the current article joins a growing body of literature that illustrates how some Jewish Americans have also struggled with Darwinism. This article will focus in on the case of the Association of Orthodox Jewish Scientists (AOJS), and document its members’ engagement with evolution in the 1960s and 70s. Although founded in New York in 1948, the AOJS did not grapple with the issue of evolution in its first decade. When evolution did come to the fore in the 1960s, a time when the Christian American discussion of evolution also escalated, AOJS members expressed a spectrum of views on the matter. Those who strongly critiqued evolution, however, were more prolific in their writing on the subject than those who expressed positive attitudes towards evolution. This article highlights historical and sociological factors within American and Jewish life in the second half of the 20th century that are related to this outburst of antievolutionism on the part of some AOJS members in this period. It further illustrates that the negative view of evolution promoted by some members was not suppressed or censured by the association, despite the fact that it may well have been a minority view within the group. Lastly the article suggests that the American Orthodox scientists adopted the model of agreeing to disagree on the matter of evolution because they placed the value of Orthodox Jewish unity above other scientific and social considerations and goals.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.40
自引率
25.00%
发文量
7
期刊介绍: Religion and American Culture is devoted to promoting the ongoing scholarly discussion of the nature, terms, and dynamics of religion in America. Embracing a diversity of methodological approaches and theoretical perspectives, this semiannual publication explores the interplay between religion and other spheres of American culture. Although concentrated on specific topics, articles illuminate larger patterns, implications, or contexts of American life. Edited by Philip Goff, Stephen Stein, and Peter Thuesen.
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