光子反冲和激光聚焦对里德伯门保真度的限制

F. Robicheaux, T. Graham, M. Saffman
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引用次数: 19

摘要

对中性原子内部态与运动自由度的纠缠所产生的里德伯门保真度的限制进行了量化,这种纠缠是由于光子吸收和再发射的动量踢引起的。当原子处于内部状态的叠加状态时,这种情况就会发生,但这些状态中只有一个是由可见光或紫外线光子操纵的。给出了描述这种情况的薛定谔方程,并探讨了两种情况。在第一种情况下,由于激发和受激发射在时间上的分离,空间波函数发生了位移,从而产生了纠缠。对于谐波阱中的中性原子,当激光脉冲的持续时间短于谐振周期时,退相干可以在一个突然近似内表示。在这个极限下,退相干是由简单的解析公式给出的,该公式考虑了光子的动量、原子的温度、谐振子频率和原子质量。在第二种情况下,由于引起吸收和受激发射的光子处于聚焦光束模式,因此栅极保真度降低。这导致光学诱导的内部状态的变化依赖于质心原子位置。在脉冲间隔时间较短的情况下,退相干可以用一个简单的解析公式来表示,该公式涉及到激光束腰、原子温度、阱频率和原子质量。研究了标准的$\pi-2\pi-\pi$ Rydberg门和基于高斯包络单绝热脉冲的新协议对门保真度的限制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Photon-recoil and laser-focusing limits to Rydberg gate fidelity
Limits to Rydberg gate fidelity that arise from the entanglement of internal states of neutral atoms with the motional degrees of freedom due to the momentum kick from photon absorption and re-emission is quantified. This occurs when the atom is in a superposition of internal states but only one of these states is manipulated by visible or UV photons. The Schrodinger equation that describes this situation is presented and two cases are explored. In the first case, the entanglement arises because the spatial wave function shifts due to the separation in time between excitation and stimulated emission. For neutral atoms in a harmonic trap, the decoherence can be expressed within a sudden approximation when the duration of the laser pulses are shorter than the harmonic oscillator period. In this limit, the decoherence is given by simple analytic formulas that account for the momentum of the photon, the temperature of the atoms, the harmonic oscillator frequency, and atomic mass. In the second case, there is a reduction in gate fidelity because the photons causing absorption and stimulated emission are in focused beam modes. This leads to a dependence of the optically induced changes in the internal states on the center of mass atomic position. In the limit where the time between pulses is short, the decoherence can be expressed as a simple analytic formula involving the laser waist, temperature of the atoms, the trap frequency and the atomic mass. These limits on gate fidelity are studied for the standard $\pi-2\pi-\pi$ Rydberg gate and a new protocol based on a single adiabatic pulse with Gaussian envelope.
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