Dynamic Changes in Microbiome Composition and Genomic Functional Potentials in Bovine Mastitis

We provide a mini review on the previously published study entitled “Microbiome Dynamics of Bovine Mastitis Progression and Genomic Determinants”, where we reported the possible dynamic changes in microbiome compositions favored by their genomic functional potentials in different pathophysiological states of bovine mastitis. Using the cutting-edge whole metagenome sequencing (WMS) approach, we reported distinct variation in microbiome composition and abundances across the clinical mastitis (CM), recurrent clinical mastitis (RCM), subclinical mastitis (SCM) and healthy (H) milk metagenomes (CM>H>RCM>SCM). Bacteria were the predominating microbial domain (>99.0% relative abundance) followed by archaea and viruses. Dynamic changes in bacteriome composition across the four metagenomes were numerically dominated by 67.19% inclusion of previously unreported opportunistic strains in mastitis metagenomes. This study also reported the unique and shared distribution of microbiomes across these metagenomes. In addition to microbiome composition and diversity, the study reported the association of several virulence factors-associated genes (VFGs), and antibiotic resistant genes (AGRs) in CM, RCM, SCM, and H-microbiomes. Functional annotation detected several metabolic pathways related to different episodes of mastitis. Therefore, the published data revealed that changes in microbiome composition in different types of mastitis, concurrent assessment of VFGS, ARGs, and genomic functional potentials can contribute to develop microbiome-based diagnostics, and therapeutics for mastitis, and carries significant implications on curtailing the economic fallout from this disease