BIOLOGICAL ROLE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF MICROELEMENTS AND VITAMINS IN LIVESTOCK OF ANIMALS

One of the urgent problems of veterinary medicine, especially in modern conditions of wartime, is to increase the vitality of animals, preserve their health and productivity potential. It is important to maintain the vital activity of animals at various stages of their development. Keeping animals in unfavorable conditions, including man-made loads, unbalanced feeding lead to a decrease in their productivity, the occurrence of secondary disorders of a metabolic and functional nature, and a decrease in their non-specific and specific resistance. Under these conditions, the ability of the organism to mobilize protective and adaptive capabilities in response to the action of negative technological and environmental factors becomes especially important. Micronutrients and vitamins play a leading role in mobilizing the body's adaptive capabilities. It should be noted that at the moment, quite a few formulas of mineral-vitamin feed additives have been developed and registered in Ukraine for the correction of rations, which contribute to increasing the productivity and resistance of animals, improving the quality of products - milk and meat. Science and practice have proven that trace elements and vitamins affect the regulatory systems of the animal body. The mechanism of their pharmacological action is related to the intensity of protein synthesis, under their influence the activity of enzymes of carbohydrate and fat metabolism is regulated, the growth and development of animals are activated. It was also established that microelements perform a protective function of the body by eliminating radical reactions, thereby preventing damage to cell membranes and biological macromolecules. On the basis of this, it is possible to draw certain conclusions that microelements and vitamins have antioxidant activity, and accordingly increase the activity of the antioxidant protection system. In addition, they perform a number of extremely important biological functions in the body: they not only stimulate the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes, but also have antimicrobial and antifungal effects. And this, in turn, has a complex effect on the quality of products, the consumption of which can be attributed to the rational and preventive nutrition of people.