Numerical Modelling of Conical-Shaped Bone Marrow Biopsy Needle Into Multilayer Iliac Crest Model

Bone marrow biopsy (BMB) is a standard technique used in various therapies, research, diagnosis, and prognosis. The extensive forces during biopsy result in unnecessary stress concentrations that are primarily hazardous to weak end bones. To enhance protection and to better identify the risks of bone biopsy, it is essential to understand and predict the interaction of needles with multiple layers of skin and bone. The present investigation aimed to find out the numerical evaluation of forces involved in the insertion and extraction of the needle into multilayer iliac crest model. The insertion and extraction forces have been studied at different diameters of biopsy needles up to a depth of 15.35 mm and insertion speeds in the range of 1 mm/sec - 10 mm/sec. The results showed that the insertion and extraction forces vary according to the needle diameter and relative velocity among the needle and tissue layers. A linear force vs. depth relationship has been obtained in the preliminary phase, and as the depth of insertion increases, the forces increase non-linearly. At the end phase of penetration, the forces augmented more rapidly at a low insertion rate compared to the high insertion rate.