通过标准化改善室内空气质量

Standards Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI:10.3390/standards3030019
J. Saffell, S. Nehr
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引用次数: 3

摘要

人类接触空气污染物的很大一部分是在室内环境中。空气污染是一个巨大的环境健康风险,暴露于环境空气污染和室内空气污染对全世界死亡总人数的贡献相同。虽然立法机构已经确定了室外环境空气和烟囱排放的极限值,但对于建筑环境(学校、家庭、医疗保健设施、办公室和其他公共场所)中的气态物质和空气中悬浮颗粒物,国家和地区的极限值存在不一致和不同的规定。这种缺乏监管并不奇怪,因为室内空间具有复杂的空气化学特征,其建筑材料和活动类型也有很大差异。目前对室内污染物的了解,包括短寿命氧化剂、挥发性有机化合物的降解、颗粒形成和颗粒组成,是不完整的。有必要识别和评估新出现的污染物及其毒性,并考虑新的消费产品和绿色建筑材料及其对室内空气质量的影响。从室内空气质量调查和审计协议中学习,研究方法应该规范化,以便进行交叉研究比较。一些室内空气质量指南和标准已经编写,还有一些正在开发中,国际ISO 16000系列室内标准引领了改善室内空气数据质量的道路。世界卫生组织制定了一些环境空气极限值,这些极限值大多可以转化为室内极限值。建筑环境需要协调能源效率、热舒适和空气质量标准和指导。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了下一步如何完善国际、区域和国家标准和指南,从而实现更好和更完整的室内空气质量法规。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Improving Indoor Air Quality through Standardization
Human beings experience a large fraction of their exposure to air pollutants in indoor environments. Air pollution is a large environmental health risk, and exposure to ambient air pollution and indoor air pollution contribute equally to the total number of fatalities worldwide. Although legislative authorities have established limit values for ambient outdoor air and stack emissions, there are inconsistent and variable national and regional limit values for gaseous substances and airborne particulate matter in the built environment (schools, homes, healthcare facilities, offices, and other public spaces). This lack of regulation is unsurprising, because indoor spaces are characterized by complex air chemistry, and their construction materials and types of activities vary significantly. The current understanding of indoor pollutants, including short-lived oxidants, degradation of VOCs, particle formation, and particle composition, is incomplete. It is necessary to identify and assess emerging pollutants and their toxicity, and to consider new consumer products and green construction materials and their impact on indoor air quality (IAQ). Learning from IAQ surveys and audit protocols, research methodologies should be regularized for cross-research comparisons. Some indoor air quality guidance and standards have been written, and several more are in development, with the international ISO 16000 series of indoor standards leading the way for improving indoor air data quality. The WHO has established some ambient air limit values which can mostly be translated into indoor limit values. The built environment needs to harmonize energy efficiency, thermal comfort and air quality standards and guidance. In this review, we discuss the next steps for improving international, regional and national standards and guidance, leading to better and more complete indoor air quality regulations.
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