不同频谱分析技术对音调频率评估的可得不确定度

S. Dello Iacono, G. Di Leo, C. Liguori, V. Paciello
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引用次数: 2

摘要

光谱分析已成功地应用于多个领域。然而,不同情况下的需求和约束可能变化如此之大,以至于不仅分析参数的调优,而且选择最合适的技术都可能是一项困难的任务。由于这个原因,光谱分析测量系统的设计者了解不同技术在操作条件下的行为是很重要的。将考虑的情况是实现用于实时测量多音信号的频谱特性(幅度,频率和相位)的数值仪器。为此,可以使用不同的信号处理技术,可分为参数方法或非参数方法。第一类包括那些利用关于信号参数的先验知识的方法,例如待处理信号的频谱形状。因此,基于参数算法的自配置程序应包括对组件数量的初步评估。在文献中的几个建议中选择正确的方法对于任何设计师来说都是至关重要的,特别是对于频谱分析软件的开发人员,对于时间和可靠性限制难以实现的实时应用和嵌入式设备。应该考虑不同的方面:期望的精度水平,可用的细化资源(内存深度和处理速度),以及信号参数。本文详细比较了文献中可用的一些最有效的信号频谱分析方法(IFFT-2p, IFFT-3p和IFFTc,所有这些方法都基于使用FFT算法,同时通过插值技术和三种参数算法(music, ESPRIT和IWPA)提高DFT的频谱分辨率。所考虑的比较方法将简要描述,并参考文献将给出每一个。然后,它们的行为将根据系统贡献和由叠加正弦和高斯白噪声产生的信号的频谱音调的评估频率的不确定性进行分析。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Obtainable Uncertainty for the Frequency Evaluation of Tones with Different Spectral Analysis Techniques
Spectral analysis is successfully adopted in several fields. However, the requirements and the constraints of the different cases may be so varied that not only the tuning of the analysis parameters but also the choice of the most suitable technique can be a difficult task. For this reason, it is important that a designer of a measurement system for spectral analysis has knowledge about the behaviour of the different techniques with respect to the operating conditions. The case that will be considered is the realization of a numerical instrument for the real-time measurement of the spectral characteristics of a multi-tone signal (amplitude, frequency, and phase). For this purpose, different signal processing techniques can be used, that can be classified as parametric or non-parametric methods. The first class includes those methods that exploit the a priori knowledge about signal parameters, such as the spectral shape of the signal to be processed. Thus, a self-configuring procedure based on a parametric algorithm should include a preliminary evaluation of the number of components. The choice of the right method among several proposals in the literature is fundamental for any designer and, in particular, for the developers of spectral analysis software, for real-time applications and embedded devices where time and reliability constrains are arduous to fulfil. Different aspects should be considered: the desired level of accuracy, the available elaboration resources (memory depth and processing speed), and the signal parameters. The present paper details a comparison of some of the most effective methods available in the literature for the spectral analysis of signals (IFFT-2p, IFFT-3p, and IFFTc, all based on the use of an FFT algorithm, while improving the spectral resolution of the DFT with interpolation techniques and three parametric algorithms—MUSIC, ESPRIT, and IWPA). The methods considered for the comparison will be briefly described, and references to literature will be given for each one of them. Then, their behaviour will be analysed in terms of systematic contribution and uncertainty on the evaluated frequencies of the spectral tones of signals created from superimposed sinusoids and white Gaussian noise.
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