COMPARATIVE EFFICIENCY OF INTENSIVE AND BIOLOGIZED CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGIES IN FORMATION OF PRODUCTIVE MOISTURE RESERVES UNDER CROPS AND PEA YIELD

The work was carried out in 2019–2021 in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region on leached heavy loamy black soil with a content of humus of 6.27%, 235–291 mg/kg of available phosphorus, 95–138 mg/kg of exchangeable potassiumin the arable layer, with a sum of absorbed bases of 39.7–42.2 mg-eq/100 g, pHkcl close to neutral (6.2 units). Crop rotation was seven-field grain-grass with the following alternation of crops: 1) pea - 2) winter wheat - intermediate sowing (mustard) - 3) winter wheat - 4) barley + perennial grasses - 5) perennial grasses 1 year– 6) perennial grasses 2 year– 7) spring wheat. The experiment was repeated three times, the placement of plots was systematic. The intensive technology included usage of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers, the treatment of crops with herbicides, usage of fungicides and insecticides, fertilization with nitrogen fertilizers and growth stimulators. As far asbiologized cultivation technology is concerned, all chemical agents were replaced by biological ones (fertilizers, plant protection). The research results showed that the technologies studied in the experiment had an unequal effect on soil properties, as well as on formation of productive moisture reserves in the arable layer of leached black soil. The yield of peain case ofbiologized cultivation technology over the years of research was at the level of 2.08 t/ha, which practically does not differ from the variant with intensive technology (2.17 t/ha): the difference between them was not significant. Cultivation of peas using biologized technology is the most cost-effective. Concurrently, the cost of grain varied from 4,563 to 5,705 rubles/ha, the profit per 1 ha was 10,307–13,754 rubles/ha, the profitability of production was 81–119% (average over 3 years, 105%), while it was 21-83% (average 57%)for intensive technology.