基于产量和产量相关性状的大豆(Glycine max)基因型的遗传变异、遗传力和遗传进展

M. A. Mofokeng
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摘要

育种计划的成功取决于育种材料的可变性。当种群中个体之间存在大量的遗传变异时,选择也是有效的。本研究旨在评价大豆各基因型产量和产量组成部分的遗传变异性、遗传力和遗传进展。农业研究委员会保存了82种基因型——粮食作物以阿尔法格子设计种植,在2017/18生长季节在南非的Potchefstroom和british重复了两次。每个基因型选择5株,测定产量及产量相关性状。通过方差分析对数据进行分析,对遗传参数进行估计。结果表明,各基因型在开花天数、单株分枝数、百粒重、单株荚果重、荚果长、单株种子数、单株荚果数和籽粒产量上存在极显著差异。产量及其组成部分的遗传力为5.9% ~ 100%。遗传率最高的性状是百粒重(100%)、开花天数(64.13%)和每荚种子数(67.37%)。基因型变异范围为0.3% ~ 33%,表型变异范围为1.5% ~ 44%。籽粒产量的表型和基因型变异系数高,开花天数的变异系数中等,百粒重的变异系数最低。所有性状的表型变异系数(PCV)均高于基因变异系数(GCV),表明环境因素的影响。多数性状的预期遗传进步较高,单荚种子数和百粒重中等,单株荚果数较低。预期遗传进步占平均值的百分比是可变的,所有性状的遗传进步都很高。根据产量和产量相关性状评价的大豆基因型存在很大差异
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of soybean (Glycine max) genotypes based on yield and yield-related traits
The success of breeding programme relies on the variability present in the breeding material. Selection is also effective when there is significant amount of genetic variability among the individuals in a population. The study aimed at assessing genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance among yield and yield components of soybean genotypes. Eighty-two genotypes maintained at the Agricultural Research Council-Grain Crops were planted in an alpha lattice design, replicated twice in Potchefstroom and Brits in South Africa in 2017/18 growing season. Five plants per genotype were selected and yield and yield related traits were measured. Data were analysed through analysis of variance and genetic parameters were estimated. The results showed highly significant differences among the genotypes based on days to flowering, branch number per plant, hundred seed weight, pod weight per plant, pod length, seed number per plant, seed number per pod and grain yield. Heritability of yield and yield components were ranged from 5.9% to 100%. The most heritable traits were hundred seed weight (100 %), days to flowering (64.13 %) and seed number per pod (67.37%). The genotypic variance ranged from 0.3% to 33% while the phenotypic variation ranged from 1.5% to 44%. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations was high for grain yield, medium for days to flowering and lowest for hundred seed weight. The phenotypic coefficient of variations (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all characters indicating the influence of environmental factors. The expected genetic advance was high for most of the traits, medium for seed number per pod and hundred seed weight and low for pod number per plant. The expected genetic advance as percent of mean was variable and high for all traits. There was vast variation observed among the soybean genotypes evaluated based on the yield and yield related traits
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