戊二甲基灵除草剂对常规和免耕作物生育期土壤中固氮菌和PSB数量的影响

B. Babal, M. Sharma, V. Phogat
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引用次数: 0

摘要

要发展生产力更高和更可持续的农业系统,基本上需要评估不同管理方法下土壤中微生物的数量和多样性。保护性农业(CA)系统对土壤健康、生物多样性和环境质量具有重要意义。但在CA系统下,除草剂的使用量大幅增加,可能对人类和生态系统健康造成不利影响。此外,有关除草剂对土壤微生物的影响的文献是相当有争议的,而且主要是基于实验室或短期的实地实验。因此,在2019年夏季,在哈里亚纳农业大学土壤研究农场,在冲积性砂壤土(典型haplustep)中,研究了CA系统下戊二甲基灵除草剂对固氮菌和溶磷细菌(PSB)数量的影响。试验采用两种耕作制度(绿豆-小麦和高粱-小麦),夏、冬两季免耕留茬(ZT-ZT)、夏、冬常规免耕留茬(CT-ZT)和两季常规耕作(CT-CT)三种耕作方式。结果表明,与CT-CT不同深度相比,ZT-ZT下固氮菌和PSB的数量均有所增加。在0-5 cm表层土壤中,ZT-ZT处理比CT-CT处理使固氮菌和PSB的数量分别增加了65.6%和30.0%。在所有耕作方式下,施用二甲甲烷对两种微生物的数量均有促进作用,直至施用第15天。在ZT-ZT条件下,这种刺激在群体中几乎是相似的(21-23%),但与在CT-CT条件下的PSB(13.5%)相比,Azotobacter群体中的刺激(29.8%)更大,强调了Azotobacter更有效地利用容易获得的二甲甲烷来增强增殖。不同种植制度对微生物的影响对戊二甲基灵的施用基本不显著
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Effect of pendimethalin herbicide on Azotobacter and PSB population in soil during crop growth under conventional and zero tillage ​
The development of more productive and sustainable agricultural systems essentially requires the assessment of the population and diversity of microorganisms in soils under different management practices. The conservation agriculture (CA) systems are considered very important for soil health, biodiversity and environmental quality. But the use of herbicides is substantially increased under CA systems which may cause adverse impacts on human and ecosystem health. Moreover, the literature pertaining to the consequence of herbicides on soil microorganisms is quite controversial, and largely based either on laboratory or short-term field experiments. Therefore, the impact of pendimethalin herbicide on the population of Azotobacter and phosphorus solubilising bacteria (PSB) under CA system was taken up during _summer, 2019_ at Soil Research Farm, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar in alluvial sandy loam soil (Typic Haplustept). The experiment included two cropping systems (mungbean - wheat and sorghum - wheat), with three tillage practices, viz., zero tillage with surface retention of crop residues in both summer and winter seasons (ZT-ZT), conventional tillage in summer and zero tillage with residue retention in winter (CT-ZT) and conventional tillage in both seasons (CT-CT). Resultes revealed an increase in the population of both Azotobacter and PSB under ZT-ZT as compared to CT-CT practice at different depths. In surface 0-5 cm soil, the ZT-ZT practice increased the population of Azotobacter and PSB by 65.6 and 30.0%, respectively, over CT-CT practice in 13 years of experimentation. Application of pendimethalin provided stimulation to the population of both the microbes till 15th day of it application under all the tillage practices. This stimulation in population was of almost similar order (21-23%) for under ZT-ZT practice but greater stimulation (29.8%) in the population of Azotobacter as compared to PSB (13.5%) under CT-CT practice accentuated Azotobacter to be more efficient in utilizing easily available pendimethalin for their augmentation of the proliferation.. The influence of cropping systems on microbes upon application of pendimethalin was largely non-significant
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