敦煌莫高窟室内粉尘中水溶性离子和重金属水平、来源解析及健康风险

IF 4.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Indoor air Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI:10.1155/2023/4818195

Xiaoyi Ma, D. Xia, Guobing Zhang, Peiyuan Chen, Xinying Liu, Hui Liu, Wanfu Wang, H. Zhan, Yixiao Zhang, Qiao Yu

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引用次数: 0

摘要

历史遗址室内粉尘颗粒的直接摄入是员工接触重金属的主要途径。采用综合分析方法对莫高窟室内粉尘中水溶性离子(wsi)和重金属含量、来源、生物可及性及健康风险进行了分析，确定了莫高窟室内粉尘与地面粉尘中wsi和重金属的浓度及分布特征的差异。室内粉尘中wsi、重金属浓度及χ f、SIRM的磁性值均高于街道粉尘和表层土壤。雕像粉尘颗粒的平均χ f和SIRM分别为100.3 × 10−8 m 3 k g−1和1686.9 × 10−5 m 2 k g−1。其中，铅的浓度为277 mg kg−1，是背景值的15倍，表明在粉尘沉积过程中，高磁性矿物的重金属持续进入。wsi主要来源于围岩和灰泥的风化作用;铅来源于壁画和雕塑的油漆脱落;锌、铜、磁性矿物来源于交通。室内粉尘胃肠道期重金属的生物可及性较高。总体而言，室内粉尘中重金属构成的健康风险较低，个别洞穴的风险中等至较高。摄入对员工的非致癌和致癌风险最高。这些结果为了解莫高窟室内粉尘特征提供了基础知识，为制定粉尘污染缓解策略和员工健康风险控制提供了依据。

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Water-Soluble Ions and Heavy Metal Levels, Source Apportionment, and Health Risk of Indoor Dust in the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang, China

The direct ingestion of indoor dust particles at historical heritage sites is a primary exposure pathway for employees to heavy metals. Water-soluble ions (WSIs) and heavy metal levels, sources, bioaccessibility, and health risks associated with indoor dust in the Mogao Grottoes were analyzed using comprehensive methods to determine the differences in the concentrations and distribution characteristics of WSIs and heavy metals between statue dust and floor dust. The concentrations of WSIs and heavy metals and the magnetic values of χ lf and SIRM in indoor dust were higher than those in street dust and topsoil. The mean χ lf and SIRM of statue dust particles were 100.3 × 10 − 8 m 3 k g − 1 and 1686.9 × 1 0 − 5 Am 2 k g − 1 . Specifically, the concentration of Pb was 277 mg k g − 1 , 15-fold higher than the background value, indicating the continual receipt of heavy metals with high magnetic minerals during dust deposition. WSIs mainly originate from the weathering of surrounding rocks and earthen plaster; Pb originates from the shedding of paint of murals and sculptures; and Zn, Cu, and magnetic minerals originate from traffic sources. The bioaccessibility of heavy metals is high in the gastrointestinal phases of indoor dust. Overall, the health risks posed by heavy metals in indoor dust were low, with moderate to high risks in individual caves. Ingestion presents the highest noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risk to employees. These results provide essential knowledge on indoor dust characteristics in the Mogao Grottoes, facilitating strategies for dust pollution mitigation and employee health risk control.

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来源期刊

Indoor air 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

10.80

自引率

10.30%

发文量

175

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The quality of the environment within buildings is a topic of major importance for public health. Indoor Air provides a location for reporting original research results in the broad area defined by the indoor environment of non-industrial buildings. An international journal with multidisciplinary content, Indoor Air publishes papers reflecting the broad categories of interest in this field: health effects; thermal comfort; monitoring and modelling; source characterization; ventilation and other environmental control techniques. The research results present the basic information to allow designers, building owners, and operators to provide a healthy and comfortable environment for building occupants, as well as giving medical practitioners information on how to deal with illnesses related to the indoor environment.