Pools in Tramp Shipping and the Rules on Competition Given the Art. 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union

Tramp shipping operates in a highly competitive environment and is fundamentally considered a free trade economic model. Water transport ensures the supply of raw materials and the distribution of finished products in international trade. The main task for water transport is to ensure the reliability of supplies, at prices that are on the one hand profitable for carriers, and on the other hand, stimulate international trade. In this regard, carriers are taking various measures to improve supply. One of the measures that are in constant development is the organization of shipping. It is known that with good organization and cooperation in shipping, better results are achieved, which benefit everyone – carriers and consignors. Shipowners are in a constant process of renewing their fleet and organizing fleet management. The organizational forms are different, but some of them affect the application of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. This publication examines checks in tramp shipping and their compliance given the Art. 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The topic is under-researched and is of theoretical and practical interest.