战时叙事中的乌克兰城市形象

Maryna Kurushyna
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引用次数: 0

摘要

对战时叙事的研究揭示了乌克兰城市形象形成的主要因素。在这部作品中,叙事是一种语言和视觉两种形式的故事。这种分析考虑了图像出现的时间以及图像形成、构造和功能的具体情况。这篇文章检视了自俄罗斯全面入侵开始以来,乌克兰叙事广播和公共空间中出现的乌克兰城市形象。对一个城市存在的威胁和对物体和地标的物理破坏,包括象征性的,会导致生活方式的改变,甚至会导致城市的拆除。这导致了一些现有的图像的加强或削弱,以及新的图像的出现。作者特别注意到所研究的图像的某些特征,如城市的人格化,将其描绘为与敌人作战,抵抗和揭示其性格。一个城市的形象是由许多重要的地点组合而成的,这些地点被保存下来,可以通过个人和集体的记忆来复制。每个城市都有一组独特的地点,对居民来说特别珍贵和重要——这些地点使我们能够“阅读”城市作为连续的历史。与一个城市的亲密关系的最高形式是居民对它的认同——象征性的不可分离性,“成长为”彼此。乌克兰城市反抗俄罗斯侵略者的英勇斗争,如果不首先保存它们的精神核心,那是不可能的,而“坚不可摧”或“不可征服”等称号的出现证实了这一点。一些被研究城市的边陲地位尤其明显。在战争期间,边境不再是文化的大熔炉,而是我们和他们之间的边界。战争时期的叙述强调了边境城市作为乌克兰的前哨和堡垒城镇的重要性。正因为如此,乌克兰性成为乌克兰城市形象的主要特征之一,尤其是那些靠近边境的城市。它变得非常重要,非常必要。在战时叙事中,城市形象中这一主导因素的保存(尤其是在精神层面上)是城市抵抗意志的重要标志,即使在战争中也是如此。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Images of Ukrainian Cities in Wartime Narratives
The study of wartime narratives throws light on the principal factors in the creation of images ofUkrainian cities. For the purposes of this work, a narrative is a story inboth verbal andvisual form. The analysis takes into account the time of appearance of an image and the specifics of its formation, construction, and functioning. The article examines the images of Ukrainian cities in Ukrainian narratives broadcast and available in the public space since the start of the full-scale Russian invasion. A threat to a city’s existence and the physical destruction of objects and landmarks, including symbolic ones, causes changes in the way of life and even its dismantling. This leads to the strengthening or weakening of some existing images, as well as to the emergence of new ones. The author particularly notes certain features of the images under study, such as the personification of cities, which are portrayed as combating the enemy, resisting, and revealing their character. A city’s image is assembled from a number of significant sites that are preserved and can be reproduced by individual and collective memory. Each city has a unique set of locations that are especially dear and important to the residents – sites that allow us to “read” the city as continuous history. The highest form of affinity with one’s city is a resident’s identification with it — symbolic inseparability, “growing into” each other. The heroic struggle of Ukrainian cities against the Russian aggressor would be impossible without preserving, first and foremost, their spiritual core, which is confirmed by the appearance of such epithets as “unbreakable” or “unconquered.” The borderland status of some of the studied cities is especially keenly felt. During the war, the frontier becomes not a melting pot of cultures, but a boundary between Us and Them. The wartime narratives emphasize the importance of borderland cities as outposts of Ukrainianness, fortress towns. Because of this, Ukrainianness becomes one of the dominant features of the images of Ukrainian cities, especially those close to the border. It becomes significant, vitally necessary. The preservation of this dominant factor in city images in wartime narratives (especially on the spiritual level) is an important marker of a city’s will to resist, its vital energy even in war.
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