非洲爪蟾卵母细胞和卵提取物的染色质组装和转录串扰。

Wei-lin Wang, D. Shechter
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引用次数: 9

摘要

染色质主要是DNA和组蛋白的复合体,是基因组的生理形态。染色质通常抑制转录和发生在DNA上的其他信息交易。典型组蛋白和组蛋白变体的大量翻译后修饰编码调控信息,以招募或排斥染色质上的效应蛋白,促进和进一步抑制转录,从而形成表观遗传信息的基础。在后生动物的卵发生过程中,大量的组蛋白被合成和储存,为快速的早期细胞周期发育做准备,并引发母体对染色质组装途径的控制。非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)的卵母细胞和无卵细胞提取物是研究染色质组装和转录的一个令人信服的模型系统,正是因为它们存在于一个极端的状态,为快速染色质组装或转录活性准备了条件。我们发现,与卵提取液相比,黄颡鱼卵母细胞中的染色质组装率较慢,而相反,只有卵提取液才能转录模板质粒。我们证明,蛋提取物中的快速染色质组装抑制RNA聚合酶II依赖的转录,而tata结合蛋白(TBP)与模板质粒的预结合促进转录。我们在这里提出的实验证据支持一个模型,其中染色质组装和转录是竞争的,合子基因组激活的开始可能部分是由于稳定的转录复合体组装。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Chromatin assembly and transcriptional cross-talk in Xenopus laevis oocyte and egg extracts.
Chromatin, primarily a complex of DNA and histone proteins, is the physiological form of the genome. Chromatin is generally repressive for transcription and other information transactions that occur on DNA. A wealth of post-translational modifications on canonical histones and histone variants encode regulatory information to recruit or repel effector proteins on chromatin, promoting and further repressing transcription and thereby form the basis of epigenetic information. During metazoan oogenesis, large quantities of histone proteins are synthesized and stored in preparation for the rapid early cell cycles of development and to elicit maternal control of chromatin assembly pathways. Oocyte and egg cell-free extracts of the frog Xenopus laevis are a compelling model system for the study of chromatin assembly and transcription, precisely because they exist in an extreme state primed for rapid chromatin assembly or for transcriptional activity. We show that chromatin assembly rates are slower in the X. laevis oocyte than in egg extracts, while conversely, only oocyte extracts transcribe template plasmids. We demonstrate that rapid chromatin assembly in egg extracts represses RNA Polymerase II dependent transcription, while pre-binding of TATA-Binding Protein (TBP) to a template plasmid promotes transcription. Our experimental evidence presented here supports a model in which chromatin assembly and transcription are in competition and that the onset of zygotic genomic activation may be in part due to stable transcriptional complex assembly.
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