卢旺达半干旱和湿润环境中牲畜饲料资源的季节变化

M. Mutimura, C. Ebong, I. Rao, I. Nsahlai
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引用次数: 3

摘要

在包括卢旺达在内的大多数撒哈拉以南非洲国家,由于土地面积小,主要的农业生产来自混合作物-牲畜养殖系统。本研究的目的是评估卢旺达半干旱和潮湿环境中牲畜饲料资源的季节性可用性。设计了结构化问卷,并对来自不同环境的102户(共204户)进行了问卷调查。湿润环境比半干旱环境有更多的农业活动。半干旱区奶牛家庭数量多于湿润环境。40岁以上和未受过教育的户主更有可能为牲畜建立饲料品种。湿润环境的农民比半干旱地区的农民更有可能在牧草上施用肥料作为管理措施之一。拥有20年以上牲畜饲养经验的户主和未受过教育的户主也更有可能在牧草上施用化肥。半干旱环境下的农民在农田中建立牧草的可能性是湿润环境下的两倍。在这两个环境中确定了各种饲料资源。然而,在这两个地区,纳皮草是整个季节最常见的饲料资源。其有效性在雨季和旱季差异显著(p < 0.01),其中湿润环境的有效性高于半干旱环境。此外,在雨季和旱季,这两个地区还使用了各种作物残留物。这表明饲料供应取决于季节性作物收获,这可能导致作物歉收时饲料短缺。此外,由于质量低下,大量使用作物残留物可能会影响牲畜生产力,这表明有必要对半干旱和潮湿环境中的小农农场的可用饲料资源进行特征描述,以便更好地选择饲料。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Seasonal variation of livestock feed resources in semi-arid and humid environments of Rwanda
ABSTRACT In most of sub-Saharan African countries, including Rwanda, the predominant agricultural production is from a mixed-crop-livestock farming system, because of small size land holding. The objective of this study was to assess the seasonal availability of livestock feed resources in the semi-arid and humid environments of Rwanda. Structured questionnaire was designed and administered to 102 households from each environment (totalling 204) practising mixed-crop-livestock farming system. Humid environment had more other activities than farming compared with the semi-arid. The semi-arid area had more households with dairy cows than humid environment. Household heads above 40 years and uneducated were more likely to establish fodder species for livestock. Farmers in humid environments were more likely to apply fertiliser on forages as one of the management practices than in the semi-arid areas. Household heads with above 20 years of experience in livestock rearing and uneducated household heads were also more likely to apply fertiliser on forages. Farmers in the semi-arid environments were two times more likely to establish forages in farmland than in humid environments. Various feed resources were identified in both environments. However, Napier grass was the most frequent feed resource across all season in both areas. Its availability differed (p < 0.01) between the two environments during the rainy season and during the dry season (p < 0.05) where the humid environments had the highest quantity compared with the semi-arid environments. In addition, various crop residues were also used in both areas during the rainy and dry seasons. This suggests that feed availability is based on seasonal crop harvesting, which can lead to feed shortage in a time of crop failure. Also, high use of crop residues can compromise livestock productivity, owing to low quality, suggesting the necessity to characterise the available feed resources in smallholder farms of the semi-arid and humid environments for better choice of feed.
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