Report of the South Asian labor migration and maritime migrants conference, Kathmandu, Nepal, 21-23 May 2022,

South Asia – which consists of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Pakistan, Maldives, Nepal and Sri Lanka – is mostly a region of out-migration. It is estimated that are 13.9 million international migrants residing in the subregion while some 43.4 million South Asians reside outside of their country of origin (UN DESA, 2020). Temporary labor migration, mostly towards the Gulf countries, is an important feature of SouthAsia’smigration experience. Migrant workers use land and sea routes to reach their destination countries. Thus far, there has been limited discussion in South Asia aboutmaritimemigration in the Bay of Bengal to reach intended destinations. It is important to address this gap and the vulnerabilities migrants face in maritime migration. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the vulnerabilities of migrant workers, especially women migrant workers, as they face joblessness, wage theft, no access to health care, violence and ill-treatment (ACAPS, 2020; Foley and Piper, 2020). Although several international conventions, declarations and recommendations have been formulated, including the Global Compact onMigration (GCM), the implementation part remains weak. Therefore, it is essential to discuss and empower civil society organizations to monitor the implementation of the GCM. The Calcutta Research Group and the Institute for Human Sciences, Vienna [under the project “Justice, Protection and Government of the People:” ATwoYear Research and Orientation Programme on Protection and Democracy in a Post-COVID World (2021–2023)] in collaboration with the Nepal Institute of